The Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) is one of the most popular pH sensors traditionally using to measure hydrogen ion concentration (pH) electrolytic solutions. It developed from Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOSFET) by replacing gate electrode with an solution be tested, and a reference metal immersed in that solution. Basic principle ISFET operation based on standard NMOS structure...

Over the years, many papers and articles have been written about optimizing off -chip IC decoupling. Many IC vendor application recommendations feature a cluster of decoupling capacitors adjacent to the IC, in close proximity to one another—viz. an electrolytic capacitor along with a small and a large value ceramic capacitor at the various supply nodes. Th e basic conviction underlying this app...

The AC line input voltage is frequently rectified by single-phase diode rectifiers and filtered using sizable electrolytic capacitors. capacitor draws current in brief pulses, so harmonics distort the current, resulting high losses. Harmonics distortions harm unity power factor efficiency. This article adopts a simple single-stage AC-DC converter with high-power low total harmonic distortion. P...

This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) system designed to reduce the DC-link capacitance present in double-stage PV microinverters without increasing capacitor interfacing source. solution is based on modified boost topology, which exhibits continuous current both input and output ports. Such characteristic enables implementation of electrolytic capacitors, improves reliability comparison with...

We examined the in vitro bactericidal effects and efficacy on handwashing of water containing electrolytic products of sodium chloride (electrolytic water). The electrolytic water, whose pH and concentration of free residual chlorine were 6.7-6.9 and 20-22 ppm, respectively, showed equal reduction of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to dilution of commercially available sodium hy...

in distribution systems, in order to diminish power losses and keep voltage profiles within acceptable limits, network reconfiguration and capacitor placement are commonly used. in this paper, the hybrid shuffled frog leaping algorithm (hsfla) is used to optimize balanced and unbalanced radial distribution systems by means of a network reconfiguration and capacitor placement. high accuracy and ...

I N THE previous paper a technique for the determination of the electrolytic resistance of the blood clot was presented (I). The present paper deals with the variations in the electrolytic resistance of the blood clot over a 40. to &-hour period, and with the physiological significance of certain measurements of the resistance. The curve of the resistance against time will be called the electro...