OBJECTIVES White spots and enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets are among the most important complications resulting from orthodontic treatments. Since the antibacterial properties of metals and metallic particles have been well documented, the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of stainless steel orthodontic brackets coated with silver (Ag) particles. MAT...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) intends to add either chromium or hexavalent chromium to the list of hazardous air pollutants under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. A preliminary assessment performed by EPA has identified several categories of stationary sources as emitters of significant quantities of chromium to the atmosphere and for which the proposal o f national e...

Damascene Cu electroplating for on-chip metallization, which we conceived and developed in the early 199Os, has been central to IBM's Cu chip interconnection technology. We review here the challenges of filling trenches and vias with Cu without creating a void or seam, and the discovery that electrodeposition can be engineered to give filling performance significantly better than that achievabl...

One of the problems electroplating industry is periodic discharge concentrated spent electrolytes together with rinsing wastewater. This leads to irreversible loss valuable components, as well risk heavy metal ions entering environment, which have toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. The paper presents research on processing from zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium plating, collected over 3 ye...

Abstract The article presents the possibility of recovering nickel from waste produced as a result wastewater neutralization during electrochemical surface treatment metals. Leaching sludge with concentrated hydrochloric acid enabled metals contained in precipitate to solution efficiency 74.4% (Se) 100% (Zn). content elements was determined using ICP-OES method. next step precipitation obtained...

ss as: Sa t bark. Abstract Biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions by modified loquat bark waste (MLB) has been investigated in a batch biosorption process. The biosorbent MLB was characterized by FTIR analysis. The extent of biosorption of Ni(II) ions was found to be dependent on solution pH, initial nickel ions concentration, biosorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The exper...

A tetrode is a bundle of four microwires that can record from multiple neurons simultaneously in the brain of a freely moving animal. Tetrodes are usually electroplated to reduce impedances from 2-3 MΩ to 200-500 kΩ (measured at 1 kHz), which increases the signal-to-noise ratio and allows for the recording of small amplitude signals. Tetrodes with even lower impedances could improve neural reco...

Purpose: Increasing salt of water is a world-wide problem, heavy metals belonging to the most important matrials. The progress of industries has led to increased emission of pollutants and salt of water into ecosystems. Tajan is one of navigable river in the Northh of Iran. Along the Tajan agricultural industries units such as piping, steel, paint making, paper mill, fish cultivation, abbottior...

Recycling of spent silver electroplating solutions has been investigated via electrowinning and electrorefining in comparison to zinc cementation technique this research. Two different compositions transparent dark waste were used having the remaining contents 17.71 g⸳L-1 33.36 respectively. The as an electrolyte first step at low current density 0.015 A⸳cm-2. It was found that increasing time ...