Biomolecular structure and interactions in aqueous environment are determined by a complicated interplay between physical and chemical forces including solvation, electrostatics, van der Waals forces, the hydrophobic effect and covalent bonding. Among them, electrostatics has been of particular interest due to its long-range nature and the tradeoff between desolvation and interaction effects [1...

Fast hierarchical methods for potential eld evaluations have in recent years found interesting applications in computational physics and engineering. For example, these methods have been used in combination with integral equation methods for solving the electrostatic and elastostatic equations for materials with inclusions. A lingering obstacle on the way to constructing a general purpose algor...

Recent experiments revealing possible nanoscale electrostatic interactions in force generation at kinetochores for chromosome motions have prompted speculation regarding possible models for interactions between positively charged molecules in kinetochores and negative charge on Ctermini near the plus ends of microtubules. A clear picture of how kinetochores establish and maintain a dynamic coup...

An electrostatic theory of optical rectification is presented here, namely, the static photovoltage or photocurrent generation under light illumination, in metallic particles. The hydrodynamical model for charge carriers metals employed. By solving hydrodynamic equation and Maxwell perturbatively, second-order susceptibility analytically obtained, from which explained. Electrostatic potential p...