Assays to determine cross-sectional HIV incidence misclassify some individuals with nonrecent HIV infection as recently infected, overestimating HIV incidence. We analyzed factors associated with false-recent misclassification in five African countries. Samples from 2197 adults from Botswana, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda who were HIV infected > 12 months were tested using the (1) B...

The avidity of antibodies to specific antigens and the relationship of avidity to memory B cell responses to these antigens have not been studied in patients with cholera or those receiving oral cholera vaccines. We measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and Vibrio cholerae O1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Bangladeshi adult cholera patients (n = 30), as well as vaccin...

From the * Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia; ‡ The Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia; and the § Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash Medical Scho...

The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, National Information Communications Technology Australia Victoria Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Department of Computing and Information Systems, and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, ...

1 Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia *Correspondence: [email protected] Edited by: Michael Weiss, Case Western Reserve University, USA Reviewed by: Charles Roberts, Oregon National Primate Research Center, USA Michael Lawrence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medica...

1Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; 2Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 3Schools of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; 4Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; and 5Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical...

1Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore, 2 Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 4 Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter + Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 5 Department of Medical ...

Toxoplasma gondii causes severe fetal disease during acute infection in pregnant women, thus demanding early diagnosis for effective treatment and fetus preservation. Fetal tests are inefficient and risky, and diagnosis is based on maternal IgM serology, which had weak screening ability due to increased sensitivity, with alternative IgG avidity tests. Here, we performed ELISA and avidity assays...

The hemolytic plaque formation of cells producing antibody against heterologous albumins was tested for sensitivity to specific inhibition by free antigen. The inhibition characteristics of plaques in this system were found to be a measure for the avidity of the antibody produced by the plaque-forming cells (PFC:s). High avidity-producing PFC:s were more sensitive to inhibition than low avidity...

The factors determining the functional avidity and its relationship with the broad heterogeneity of antiviral T cell responses remain partially understood. We investigated HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses in 85 patients with primary HIV infection (PHI) or chronic (progressive and non-progressive) infection. The functional avidity of HIV-specific CD8 T cells was not different between patients w...