Correspondence to: Professor John R Hodges, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK; john.hodges@mrc-cbu. cam.ac.uk _________________________ S ymptoms in cognitive disorders follow location and not pathology. Thus, for example, in Alzheimer’s disease, patients may present with a focal language syndrome, instead of the more commonly appreciated autobiograph...

What happens to visual artists with neuropsychological deficits? This review will examine artistic production in individuals with a variety of syndromes including achromatopsia, neglect, visual agnosia, aphasia, epilepsy, migraine, dementia and autism. From this review it appears that artists are not spared visual-motor deficits despite their special graphic abilities. Rather their talents allo...

0187 Introduction In 1962, Norman Stoll, the distinguished Rockefeller Institute scientist who helped to establish human parasitology research in North America, described the unique health impact of hookworm as follows [1]: As it was when I fi rst saw it, so it is now, one of the most evil of infections. Not with dramatic pathology as are fi lariasis, or schistosomiasis, but with damage silent ...

Félix Vicq d'Azyr was born in 1748 in the small town of Valognes, Normandy. He studied medicine in Paris but he was particularly impressed by the lectures given at the Jardin du Roi by the comparative anatomist Louis Daubenton and the surgeon Antoine Petit. In 1773, Vicq d'Azyr initiated a series of successful lectures on human and animal anatomy at the Paris Medical School, from which he recei...

Despite its clarity and eloquence, Woodward’s wonderful book does not wear its virtues on its sleeve. You need the whole shirt. I aim to let those virtues show a bit more, and that requires some background to explain what Woodward has accomplished. Philosophical theories come chiefly in two flavors, Socratic and Euclidean. Socratic philosophical theories, whose paradigm is The Meno, advance an ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Independently assessed data on frequency, severity, and determinants of neurological deficits after endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are scarce. METHODS From the prospective Columbia AVM Study Project, 233 consecutive patients with brain AVM receiving > or =1 endovascular treatments were analyzed. Neurological impairment was assessed by...

The origins of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG) are unknown. Beyond some limited data on their temporal and cellular origins, the mechanisms and risk factors involved are poorly known. First, based on strong relationships between DLGG development and the eloquence of brain regions frequently invaded by these tumors, we propose a "functional theory" to explain the origin of DLGG. Second, the bio...

Susan Sontag's book, Illness as Metaphor, has framed our understanding of the relationship between disease metaphors and illness experiences in modern Western society. Her view that metaphors can render diseases socially as well as physically mortifying has influenced a generation of scholars: her conclusion that cancer sufferers are shamed and silenced by metaphors has likewise shaped public p...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, causing a progressive decline of intellectual faculties, impairment of behavior and social performance, and impairment of speech eloquence, associated with various neurological manifestations based on a variable neuropathological background. Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a selective target of Alzheimer pathology early in the ...

language is the most important medium for communication among human beings to express their intensions and concepts ; and all languages possess one or more specific styles through which the author(s) can influence the addressee's and audience's souls and minds. accordingly , connoisseurs of oration arena have propounded criteria and styles to assess speech value , and they have enumerated the q...