Local biotransformation enzymes and transporter proteins in tissues may exert a profound effect on drug pharmacokinetics in those tissues. Thus, the use of drugs for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer of the prostrate may be influenced by high level expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) phase I and phase II conjugation enzymes and drug transporters. Phase I drugmetabol...

Genes regulated by androgenic hormones are of critical importance for the normal physiological function of the human prostate gland, and they contribute to the development and progression of prostate carcinoma. We used cDNA microarrays containing 1500 cDNAs to profile transcripts regulated by androgens in prostate cancer cells and identified the serine protease TMPRSS2 as a gene exhibiting incr...

Histopathological diagnosis in most of the world's hospitals is based upon formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Although this standard fixation and embedding procedure keeps the tissue in excellent form for morphological and immunohistological analysis, FFPE is inappropriate for nucleic acids and protein studies. We investigated the potential value of RCL2, a new non-toxic fixat...

Prostate cancer (PC) is reported as an important neoplasm worldwide, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of cells in prostate. The main risk factors are age over 50 years, family history, genetic susceptibility, hormonal disorders, obesity and environmental factors. Active surveillance low-risk PC defers aggressive treatment until disease progression increasingly recommended strategy. Thi...

www.urotodayinternationaljournal.com Volume 2 August 2009 A Four-Gene Expression Signature for Prostate Cancer Cells Consisting of UAP1, PDLIM5, IMPDH2, and HSPD1 UroToday International Journal ® UIJ INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to develop a gene expression test that is highly associated with the presence of prostate cancer for use as an adjunct to the pathology examination of t...

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNA molecules that have a critical role in the initiation and progression of types of human cancer, including prostate cancer. In the present study, the expression of miR-181 in prostate cancer tissues was evaluated and was demonstrated to be significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. The ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a potent inductor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in human prostate cancer cell lines. There are conflicting data regarding the role of COX-2 in the progression of this disease. Here we examined the expression of VIP receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2) and COX-2 in prostate cancer specimens. Correlations among protein levels and various clinicopathological ...

BACKGROUND Benign tissue from a tumor-containing organ is commonly the only available source for obtaining a patient's unmutated genome for use in cancer research. While it is critical to identify histologically normal tissue that is independent of the tumor lineage, few additional considerations are applied to the choice of this material for such measurements. METHODS Normal formalin-fixed, ...