This paper focuses on self-confidence in psychology in both conceptual and empirical ways and investigates the status of self-confidence in Islamic ethics. Five relevant approaches to self-confidence are identified and then comparatively studied in psychology and Islamic ethics. In addition, an attempt is made to present an appropriate framework to build, boost, and improve self-confidence thro...

Hume's is/ought distinction has long limited the role of empirical research in ethics, saying that data about what something is cannot yield conclusions about the way things ought to be. However, interest in empirical research in ethics has been growing despite this countervailing principle. We attribute some of this increased interest to a conceptual breakdown of the is/ought distinction. MacI...

BACKGROUND Although genetic research into Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing, the ethical aspects of this kind of research and the differences between ethical issues related to genetic and non-genetic research into AD have not yet received much attention. OBJECTIVES (1) To identify and compare the five ethical issues considered most important by surveyed expert panellists in non-genetic and...

As Earth’s most influential naturally-recurring sea and atmospheric oscillation, ENSO results in widespread changes in the climate system not only over much of the tropics and subtropics, but also in high latitudes via atmospheric teleconnections. In the present study, the linkages between springtime vegetation greenness over Eurasia and El Niño are investigated based on two long-term normalize...

In this paper we study the convergence of the Longstaff-Schwartz algorithm for the valuation of American options. Our approach is based on empirical risk minimization initiated by Vapnik and Chervonenkis in the early 1970’s and empirical processes techniques. This allows us to prove convergence, derive error estimates and a Central Limit Theorem for the sample estimators. It also opens up a var...

Academic dishonesty, whether in the form of plagiarism or cheating on tests, has received renewed attention in the past few decades as pervasive use of the Internet and a presumed deterioration of ethics in the current generation of students has led some, perhaps many, to conclude that academic dishonesty is reaching epidemic proportions. What is lacking in many cases, including in the nursing ...

Virtue ethics is often proposed as a third way in health-care ethics, that while consequentialism and deontology focus on action guidelines, virtue focuses on character; all three aim to help agents discern morally right action although virtue seems to have least to contribute to political issues, such as austerity. I claim: (1) This is a bad way to characterize virtue ethics. The 20th century ...

This article describes a two-part laboratory module taught at Wheaton College and provides resources to allow instructors to recreate this module at their own institutions. This module introduces students to basic surgical techniques and allows for in-depth discussion of 1) effects of hormones on behavior, 2) ethics of animal use in research, 3) psychopharmacology, 4) experimental design and 5)...

does indeed discuss the duties of physicians earlier than Percival, but not in the distinctive form of a code. The code format-a numbered compilation of moral rules of conduct-was introduced into English-language medical ethics by Percival. Here, for example, is an excerpt from Percival's Rule I1.3, which deals with the ethics of diagnosing "incurable" conditions: "A physician should not be for...