BACKGROUND The effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on nitric oxide (NO), especially in pathological conditions, are far from being established. The influence of kinins and angiotensin type 2 receptor are largely speculative and based mainly on animal studies. This study was aimed to address these aspects in humans. METHODS Eight IgA nephropathy patients with documented clinical and h...

Since angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium antagonists have complimentary mechanisms of action, enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, is used in combination with felodipine, a vascular selective dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, for the treatment of hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the possible drug-drug interaction between these two agents in Chinese h...

1. We compared the effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril and the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist valsartan in cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. SHR (8 - 9 weeks old) on high-sodium diet were given CsA (5 mg kg(-1)d (-1) s.c. ) for 6 weeks. The rats were treated concomitantly either wit...

Previously, we showed that curcumin prevents chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in ⅚ nephrectomized (Nx) rats when given within 1 wk after Nx (Ghosh SS, Massey HD, Krieg R, Fazelbhoy ZA, Ghosh S, Sica DA, Fakhry I, Gehr TW. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F1146-F1157, 2009). To better mimic the scenario for renal disease in humans, we began curcumin and enalapril therapy when prote...

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), a beta-blocker is generally added to a regimen containing an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is unknown whether beta-blockade as initial therapy may be as useful. METHODS AND RESULTS We randomized 1010 patients with mild to moderate CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction < or =35%, who were not receiving ACE inhibi...

The acute effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) on proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) function is well documented. However, the effect of chronic treatment is less known. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of chronic ACEi on PCT acidification (J(HCO(3)(-))). Rats received enalapril (10 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), added to the drinking water) during 3 mo. Micropuncture expe...

Objective The efficacy of combined treatment consisting of enalapril and folic acid (FA) was compared to that of enalapril alone in reducing the serum uric acid (UA) levels in adult hypertensive patients in China. Methods Patients with mild to moderate hypertension (n=480) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) 10 mg enalapril (control group), (2) 10 mg enalapril plus 0.4 ...

To identify and measure the incidence of adverse effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril 13,713 patients were studied for one year by prescription-event monitoring. Precise information about the duration of treatment was available for 12,543 patients. The frequency of many events was calculated, including dizziness (483 patients; 3.9%), persistent dry cough (360; 2.9%),...

INTRODUCTION Digoxin is known to be one of the most frequently administered drugs for cardiac diseases, and since most patients require it continuously for many years, there are frequent opportunities for interaction with other agents. This is potentially important, in view of the narrow range between effective and toxic digoxin dosage (1). The generally accepted therapeutic plasma concentratio...

Revered-phase LC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to selectively determine enalapril from plasma with minimal sample preparation. Detection limit of the method was 1 ng/mL. Precision (within day and between days) and accuracy of the method at various concentrations were acceptable. The analytical technique was used for pharmacokinetic studies after administration of enalapril ...