Invasive infections caused by non-type b encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae have increased recently. Because capsule is a major virulence factor, capsulation of 62 recently isolated non-serotype b encapsulated strains was examined. Repeated serotyping confirmed only 69.0% of isolates. The combination of slide agglutination and cap genotyping confirmed 78.9% of type a, 100% of type e, and 86.4%...

Virulent typical strains (Shikan, Morioka, Shizuoka) and Pasteur vaccine strains (no. 1, no. 2-H, no. 2-17JB) of Bacillus anthracis harboured two plasmid species with molecular masses of 110 MDal and 60 MDal. All of the 110 MDal plasmids isolated from the various strains showed indistinguishable patterns of digestion with restriction endonucleases. All the 60 MDal plasmids were also indistingui...

In this study, we prepared adenosine triphosphate (ATP) encapsulated liposomes, and assessed their applicability for the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based assays with gold-silver alloy (Au@Ag)-assembled silica nanoparticles (NPs; SiO₂@Au@Ag). The liposomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method from a mixture of l-α-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and PE-PEG2000 in chlor...

o determine the effects of uncontrolled long-term dormant storage on plastic encapsulated microcircuits, the Applied Physics Laboratory evaluated 92 commercial samples, some as old as 28 years, from multiple manufacturers and technologies. The presumption is that if old parts have not degraded after 20 or 30 years of uncontrolled long-term dormant storage, then vastly superior current products ...

The effectiveness of free and nanovesicle-encapsulated nisin to control Listeria monocytogenes in Minas Frescal cheese was investigated. Commercial nisin was encapsulated into liposomes of partially purified soy lecithin. Free (0.1 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL) and nanovesicle-encapsulated nisin (0.25 mg/mL) were applied onto the surface of cheese samples, and L. monocytogenes was inoculated before inc...

The present study investigates the encapsulated propolis on blood glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The animal characteristics and biological assays of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin act index (IAI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (...

un Qian rash Gharibi ailing He hejiang University oint Research Center of Photonics of the Royal Institute of Technology Sweden and hejiang University entre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research ijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058 hina Abstract. Protoporphyrin IX PpIX -encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and utilized for photodynamic therapy PDT of canc...

The authors investigated the effect of liposome encapsulation on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravitreal injection in albino rabbits, using immunofluorescent assay. Gentamicin was encapsulated into liposomes of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. The final liposomal suspension contained gentamicin, 10 mg/ml, 95% encapsulated. One eye of each rabbit receiv...

It has been suggested that entry of pathogenic bacteria, including streptococci, into epithelial cells may represent an early stage of invasive infections. We found that poorly encapsulated wild-type strains and unencapsulated mutants of group A Streptococcus entered cultured human keratinocytes with high efficiency, while strains that produced large amounts of hyaluronic acid capsule did not, ...

M cells represent a potential portal for oral delivery of peptides and proteins due to their high endocytosis abilities. An in vitro model of human FAE (co-cultures) was used to evaluate the influence of M cells on the transport of free and encapsulated helodermin--a model peptide--across the intestinal epithelium. M cells enhanced transport of intact helodermin (18-fold, Papp=3 x 10(-6) cm s(-...