which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We read with great interest the study reported by Ra-bani (1). The author reported their experiences in endo-scopic management of forgotten ureteral stents with large burden stone encrustation. As the author stated, ureteral stents are widely used in urology practices. How...

The exploitation of the limestone deposit is carried out in open air. Its process has obvious effects on its environment, and particular agricultural production neighboring lands, by suspending fine particles matter air, which can potentially settle soil water. latter being essential resources process. analysis quality these located near exploited zone as well a control (reference zone), both a...

BACKGROUND Despite significant advancements in renal transplantation, certain basic surgical practices such as the routine use of ureteral stents (US) remain controversial. A recent met-analysis of ureteral stenting concluded that the routine use of US resulted in improved outcomes. In contrast, the indiscriminate use of US can lead to adverse complications. OBJECTIVE To better define this qu...

I read the article by Mannan et al with great interest.(1) The authors have presented several interesting cases from Pakistan regarding foreign bodies in the bladder, which is a significant contribution to the literature. However, there were no cases of polypyroplene suture encrustation in bladder in the series. We would like to report a rare case from Turkey, in which a bladder stone was forme...

Urethral catheters often become encrusted with crystals of magnesium struvite and calcium phosphate. The encrustation can block the catheter, which can cause urine retention in the bladder and reflux into the kidneys. We develop a mathematical model to investigate crystal deposition on the catheter surface, modelling the bladder as a reservoir of fluid and the urethral catheter as a rigid chann...

BACKGROUND Renal transplant ureteral stricture or obstruction is a rare but devastating complication after renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and complications of subcutaneous prosthetic ureters as a salvage procedure in transplanted kidneys with recurrent ureteral obstruction. METHODS 5 subcutaneous prosthetic ureters were inserted in 5 kidney recipients who had rec...

The present study was conducted from March to June at Post Graduate Lab Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS experiment in factorial CRD with four replications. onion variety Gavran taken for evaluation. Thirteen treatment combinations comprise five treatments (Neem leaf powder (3, 5, 7 g/kg seeds); turmeric (5, 10, 15%), Bael (4, 6%) pepper @ 20, 25 30 seed) along control two stor...

The crystalline biofilms of Proteus mirabilis can seriously complicate the care of patients undergoing long-term indwelling urinary catheterisation. Expression of bacterial urease causes a significant increase in urinary pH, leading to the supersaturation and precipitation of struvite and apatite crystals. These crystals become lodged within the biofilm, resulting in the blockage of urine flow ...