Previous studies have demonstrated that some human endometrial carcinomas contain an activating point mutation in codon 12 of the Ki-ras protooncogene. To examine the hypothesis that this mutation may occur at an earlier stage of neoplastic progression in the endometrium, we analyzed 89 samples of premalignant endometrial hyperplasia and an additional 84 samples of endometrial carcinoma for poi...

Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) catalyzes estrogen hydroxylation and activation of potential carcinogens. Here we explored the role of CYP1B1 in endometrial carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining of endometrial carcinomas showed that CYP1B1 is up-regulated in endometrial cancers. To understand the functional significance of CYP1B1 up-regulation in endometrial cancers with regard to tumorigen...

Tamoxifen is utilized as adjuvant therapy in women diagnosed with breast cancer. In these patients, despite its positive risk/benefit ratio, tamoxifen may cause secondary effects on the endometrium, with increased risk of malignant diseases. So, the first question to be answered is: “Does tamoxifen increase the incidence of endometrial abnormalities?” The literature presents two meta-analysis-s...

Endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) is the most aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer. Its aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome may be partially attributed to lack of early diagnostic markers and unclear patho-genesis. The transcription factor Erythroid-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a recently identified protein marker, which plays a role in carcinogenesis as well as responsible for ...

Oncogenic activation of tyrosine kinases is a common mechanism of carcinogenesis and, given the druggable nature of these enzymes, an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Here, we show that somatic mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) tyrosine kinase gene, FGFR2, are present in 12% of endometrial carcinomas, with additional instances found in lung squamous cell carc...

BACKGROUND Serum CA-125 has been used as a biomarker of gynecological tumors. In this study, we investigated the CA-125 levels in cervical and vaginal secretions from Chinese patients with endometrial polyps, hyperplasia and carcinoma in comparison with those in endometrium and serum. MATERIAL/METHODS An electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay was utilized to determine the levels of CA-125 in 51...

Inhibins and activins are growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta) family and are known to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Because transforming growth factor-beta is involved in physiological and tumoral changes of uterine tissues, the present study aimed to evaluate whether human normal and neoplastic endometrial and cervical epithelial cells express a...

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding is the most common presenting complaint in women of perimenopausal age group. Diagnostics tests to investigate causes abnormal are transabdominal ultrasonography (TAS), TVS, endometrial biopsy and uterine curettage which invasive procedure performed under anesthesia. The objectives this study were correlate results with histopathological findings discriminat...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to establish the retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis model of endometrial VX2 carcinoma in rabbits and observe of its metastatic features. METHODS The VX2 cells were transplanted into the uterine muscularis mucosae of 48 rabbits by injecting carcinoma mass suspension. According to time, the rabbits were killed after the transplantation of VX2 cells,...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the features of endometrial hyperplasia with concurrent endometrial cancer that had been diagnosed by endometrial sampling. Further, we attempted to identify an accurate differential diagnostic method. METHODS We retrospectively studied 125 patients who underwent a diagnostic endometrial biopsy or were diagnosed after the surgical treatment of other gynecological les...