As obesity and being overweight continue to increase in the United States, public concern is growing about the quality of American diets. We compare the changes in nutrients contributed by major food groups in the periods 1953-1980 and 1981-2008 and find that there is reduced cholesterol intake and increased calcium intake, but the levels of food energy and total fats increase substantially. To...

The objective of this paper was to review recent studies on nutrient synchrony and the effects of synchronization of energy and N supply in the rumen on nitrogen utilization and animal performance. Theoretically, synchronization of energy and N supply in the rumen should allow more efficient use of nutrients by rumen microbes, increase microbial protein and fermentation end products, and thus i...

Most pathogenesis studies focus on pathogen virulence attributes that mediate host colonization, toxicity, or immune evasion. Some studies focus on how pathogens employ active mechanisms to acquire essential nutrients such as iron and vitamins from the host by producing siderophores or avidins. In order to prevent pathogen nutrient acquisition, host cells employ a process called nutritional imm...

OBJECTIVE To assess energy and nutrient consumption and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS A random sample composed of 6,797 adolescents (49.7% girls), between 10 and 18 years old, was evaluated in the first National Dietary Survey, part of the Household Budget Survey carried out in 2008-2009. Expansion factors, sample complexity design and ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the dietary habits of people with optimal body weight in communities with high overweight and obesity prevalence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate carbohydrate intake in relation to overweight and obesity in healthy, free-living adults. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional analysis. SUBJECTS/SETTING The Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 is a cross-sectional surv...

The goal of the current study was to assess dietary intake in a large sample (N=1016) of Dutch toddlers (1-3 years old), both at childcare and at home. Dietary intake during two weekdays was recorded using an observation format applied by childcare staff for intake at childcare, and partially pre-coded dietary journals filled out by parents for intake at home. Children's intake of energy, macro...

The objective of this study was to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used to estimate energy and selected nutrient intake in a Brazilian population with various ethnic backgrounds. Validity of intake estimated using the FFQ was tested among 55 Brazilian women, namely 26 Caucasians, 15 of Japanese descent, and 14 others. The FFQ was originally developed for use in a case-control stud...

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses a great threat to the environment. However, it contains valuable resources such as energy, water and nutrients that could be recovered for sustainable development. Currently, anaerobic digester has been employed to recover the energy potential in POME. However, the presence of suspended solids in the digestate hinders the downstream nutrients recovery process...

In female mammals, mechanisms have been developed, throughout evolution, to integrate environmental, nutritional and hormonal cues in order to guarantee reproduction in favorable energetic conditions and to inhibit it in case of food scarcity. This metabolic strategy could be an advantage in nutritionally poor environments, but nowadays is affecting women's health. The unlimited availability of...