The determination of a steeply falling energy spectrum from rare events with nongaussian measurement errors is a delicate matter. The final shape of the spectrum may be severely distorted as a consequence of non-gaussian tails in the energy resolution of the experiment. We illustrate this effect with the recent experimental efforts to determine the ultra-high energy extreme of the cosmic ray sp...

A simple but powerful theoretical model for watermarking and attacks is presented. The attack consists of Wiener estimation of the watermark, followed by weighted feedback of the estimate to reduce the detector's correlation value. The Wiener attack is provably optimal, and it leads to the notion of energy-e cient watermarking, the generation of watermarks that resist Wiener estimation. It also...

The SLAC Liiac is being upgraded for the use in the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). The improved Linac must accelerate electron and positron bunches from 1.2 GeV to 50 GeV while producing output energy spectra of about 0.2 %. The energy spectra must be maintained during operation to provide for good beam transmission and to minimize chromatic effects in the SLC ARCs and Find Focus. The energy spect...

Wireless data communications, especially to and from portable mobile devices, is one of the fastest growing paradigms in the field of computer communications. This fast paced growth of wireless communication devices is making some communication frequency bands overcrowded. There exists legacy frequency spectrum that remains under utilized. As a result, there are great inefficiencies in how the ...

We extend the application of the concept of structural invariance to bounded timeindependent systems. This concept, previously introduced by two of us to argue that the connection between random matrix theory and quantum systems with a chaotic classical counterpart is in fact largely exact in the semiclassical limit is extended to the energy spectra of bounded timeindependent systems. We procee...

Using high-resolution direct numerical simulation and arguments based on the kinetic energy flux Π(u), we demonstrate that, for stably stratified flows, the kinetic energy spectrum E(u)(k)∼k(-11/5), the potential energy spectrum E(θ)(k)∼k(-7/5), and Π(u)(k)∼k(-4/5) are consistent with the Bolgiano-Obukhov scaling. This scaling arises due to the conversion of kinetic energy to the potential ener...

The popularity of smart mobile devices has brought significant growth of data service for mobile service providers. Very often, mobile users of data service are charged based on the amount of data used. With the increasing revenue, mobile operators are also facing the increasing operation cost due to the high energy consumption. Meanwhile, as the access to spectral resource is limited, increasi...

background and objective: nanoscopic life forms called nanobacteria or calcifying nanoparticles (cnp) are unconventional agents. these novel organisms are very small (0.1 to 0.5 microns) and possess unusual properties such as high resistance to heat and routine antimicrobial agents. nanobacteria are 100 times smaller than bacteria and protected by a shell of apatite, so they could be as candida...

according to circumstance of kerman sarcheshmeh cooper complex that its anode slime is mainly consisted of cu, ag, au, pb and se. in this work, recovery of silver from anode slime and subsequent synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaching solution was made. silver was separated from anode slime by using of hno3 and hcl. x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (xrf) was used to characterize anode sl...

in this research zinc oxide (zno) nano-crystalline powders were prepared by sol-gel method using zinc acetate. the zno nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis), fourier transform infra-red (ft-ir) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx) spectroscopy. the structure of nanoparticles was studied using xrd pattern. the c...