The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), together with its Optional Protocol, enables individuals to allege a violation of their rights by submitting ‘communication’ committee independent experts nominated monitor compliance the ICCPR. This procedure may result in finding that State Party has violated ICCPR, consequent changes law policy which can benefit groups. Howeve...

Given an arbitrary Petri net structure, which may have uncontrollable and unobservable transitions, the liveness enforcement procedure presented here determines a set of linear inequalities on the marking of a Petri net. When the Petri net is supervised so that its markings satisfy these inequalities, the supervised net is proved to be live for all initial markings that satisfy the supervision ...

Gunshot detection finds application in the fields of law enforcement, forensic science, and defense (military applications). The first task of a sniper detector, aiming to estimate the direction of arrival of a given gunshot, is to detect automatically the presence of this audio event. Since it is a typical on-line application where a fast response is of paramount importance, a non (computation...

Recent approaches to integrity enforcement in active databases suggest not only to check constraint violations by triggers but also to utilize triggers to perform inconsistency repair actions. However, for sophisticated reactions these approaches often require refinements of already derived integrity maintaining and inconsistency repairing triggers. We argue that analyzing and specifying reacti...

Under Australian conflict of law rules, courts can enforce foreign judgments for a sum of money, but not judgments that order a party to do or not to do an action. The article argues that the rule against enforcement of non-monetary judgments is no longer relevant in the modern world. It begins by setting out the Australian law on enforcement of foreign judgments and identifying the policies un...

Law enforcement is decentralized. It is so despite documented interjurisdictional externalities which would justify its centralization. To explain this fact, we construct a political economy model of law enforcement. Under decentralization, law enforcement in each region is in accord with the preferences of regional citizens, but interjurisdictional externalities are neglected. Under centraliza...

Rural drink driving is a serious road safety issue which contributes to a significant number of fatalities and injuries in New Zealand annually. Although enforcement remains a key mechanism for reducing the incidence of rural drink driving, there are a number of crucial strategic issues that influence its effectiveness, including: who should conduct the enforcement, resource availability, enfor...