Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of enteroviruses showed that in the 5'NCR enteroviruses formed three clusters: polioviruses (PVs), coxsackievirus A type 21 (CAV21), CAV24 and enterovirus type 70 (ENV70) formed one cluster; coxsackievirus B isolates (CBVs), CAV9, CAV16, ENV71, echovirus type 11 (EV11), EV12 and all partially sequenced echoviruses and swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) belong...

We describe here a double-layer plaque assay for the quantification of enteroviruses, combining a monolayer plaque assay and a suspended-cell plaque assay. The double-layer assay provides significantly greater counts than other methods of virus quantification of both suspensions of pure culture viruses and naturally occurring viruses. The counts obtained by this method are approximately one ord...

Several outbreaks of Enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) have recently been reported in the USA and Canada, causing substantial hospitalisation of children with severe respiratory disease. The acute flaccid paralysis detected in the USA and Canada among children with EV-D68 infection has raised concerns about the aetiological role of this EV serotype in severe neurological disease. The circulation of EV-D6...

Research on human enteroviruses has resulted in the identification of more than 100 enterovirus types, which use more than 10 protein receptors and/or attachment factors required in cell binding and initiation of the replication cycle. Many of these "viral" receptors are overexpressed in cancer cells. Receptor binding and the ability to replicate in specific target cells define the tropism and ...

Enteroviruses usually cause self-limited disease that, although associated with high morbidity, is rarely fatal. In certain patient populations, however, the enteroviruses may cause potentially life-threatening infections. Pleconaril is a novel compound that integrates into the capsid of picornaviruses, including enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, preventing the virus from attaching to cellular re...

BACKGROUND Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurological disease. However, data to assist its use or interpretation are limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated factors possibly influencing viral detection in CSF by PCR, which will also help clinicians interpret positive and negative results. METHODS CSF from patients with...

Since 2005, Arboviruses and Enteroviruses have been confirmed as some of pathogens causing acute meningoencephalitis in children in the South of Vietnam. Therefore, they have been selected in priority into a sentinel surveillance and investigation system of emerging infectious diseases in Ben Tre province during 2008-2010. The surveillance system for viral Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) was ...

BACKGROUND Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are common causes of acute meningitis. However, there is limited information about HEV associated with aseptic meningitis in mainland China because it has not been classified as a notifiable disease. OBJECTIVES To characterize the HEVs associated with sporadic aseptic meningitis in China and to analyze their genetic features. STUDY DESIGN Cerebrospinal ...

Receptor activities of HeLa cells were evaluated for ability to both attach and eclipse enteroviruses after exposure of cells to acid or heat. A modified procedure of acid (pH 1.5) elution of cell-associated virus, as compared with other procedures, provided a general method for the optimal recovery of receptor-bound enteroviruses. With this procedure, eclipse of virus operationally was conside...