Workfare, reciprocal obligations, parental responsibility, and the need to balance opportunities with mandates have been prominent in the current lexicon of welfare reform, replacing the emphasis on entitlements and incentives familiar from an earlier era. This article discusses why the debate has shifted toward work strategies and summarizes what we know about the feasibility and success of th...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High maternity-related health care spending is often cited as an important barrier in utilizing quality health care during pregnancy and childbirth. This study has two objectives: (i) to measure the levels of expenditure on total maternity care in disaggregated components such as ANCs, PNCs, and Natal care expenditure; (ii) to quantify the extent of catastrophic matern...

BACKGROUND Recent British National Health Service (NHS) reforms, in response to austerity and alleged 'health tourism,' could impose additional barriers to healthcare access for non-European Economic Area (EEA) migrants. This study explores policy reform challenges and implications, using excerpts from the perspectives of non-EEA migrants and health advocates in London. METHODS A qualitative ...

This chapter focuses on the Indian experience with dietary changes, their nutritional implications, and policy response to alleviate nutritional deprivation. We review the evidence on nutrient intake and dietary changes, particularly the downward shift in calorie, protein and other nutrient intake over the period 1993–2004 and provide a demand based explanation of this shift. We report on eatin...

1 In understanding claims about the rights of people with disabilities, it is important to distinguish between civil rights and entitlements to benefits. The relationship(s) between these two sorts of claims is a matter of important philosophical disagreement. Among nations with an English law system, US law most clearly distinguishes civil rights from welfare system benefits. For this reason, ...

Neoclassical theory postulates that preferences between two goods are independent of the consumer’s current entitlements. Several experimental studies have recently provided strong evidence that this basic independence assumption, which is used in most theoretical and applied economic models to assess the operation of markets, is rarely appropriate. These results, which clearly contradict close...

Despite the continued increase in female participation rates, Australia remains one of only two developed nations in the world without a paid maternity leave scheme. While research interest and public policy debate about paid maternity leave entitlements continues, little is known about the actual utilization of the 52 weeks unpaid parental leave that is currently available to all employees. Mo...

Access to transport is an important determinant of health, and concessionary fares for public transport are one way to reduce the 'transport exclusion' that can limit access. This paper draws on qualitative data from two groups typically at risk of transport exclusion: young people (12-18 years of age, n = 118) and older citizens (60+ years of age, n = 46). The data were collected in London, UK...

BACKGROUND To assess the nonresponse rates in a questionnaire survey with respect to administrative register data, and to correct the bias statistically. METHODS The Finnish Regional Health and Well-being Study (ATH) in 2010 was based on a national sample and several regional samples. Missing data analysis was based on socio-demographic register data covering the whole sample. Inverse probabi...