OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of early arthritis (EA) and of RA in adults (>16 yrs) in Spain. METHODS Primary care physicians were instructed in the detection of new cases using a checklist. All cases were evaluated at EA units (EAUs) within 15 days of detection. ACR criteria for the classification of RA were assessed every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS In an area covering 4,342,378 in...

“Endocrine-disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity (EA) or anti-EA (AEA) have been extensively reported to possibly have many adverse health effects. We have developed robotized assays using MCF-7:WS8 cell proliferation (or suppression) to detect EA (or AEA) of 78 test substances supplied by the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods and the National T...

Combining natural capital accounting tools and ecosystem restoration approaches builds on existing frameworks to track changes in stocks flows of services benefits as a result restoration. This approach highlights policy relevant that arise due efforts helps maximize opportunities for return investment. Aligning the System Environmental Economic Accounting – Ecosystem (SEEA EA) framework with r...

The availability of robust and reliable spatial information on ecosystem condition is increasing importance in informing conservation policy. Recent policy requirements have sparked a renewed interest conceptual questions related to practical aspects like indicator selection, resulting the emergence frameworks, such as System Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem (SEEA-EA) its Condition...

In most economic sectors organizations face rapid environmental changes like regulations. Such changes can force them to adjust both their organizational and operational structure. For instance, in the energy utility sector numerous developments moved German Public Utilities (PUs) towards a liberalized market. Nowadays PUs have to stay competitive while managing a heterogeneous information tech...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relative contributions of racial and geographic factors to higher risk of stroke in people of African ancestry have not been unraveled. We compared stroke type and contributions of vascular risk factors among indigenous Africans (IA), African Americans (AA), and European Americans (EA). METHODS SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) is a large...

climate change is a complicated issue with many factors playing role in its formation and distribution. considering this complication, a comprehensive and holistic approach is needed for a better understanding and management of those factors. the causal frameworks are among systemic and integrated methods for addressing the causes of environmental problems and the relationships that exist betwe...

there is a strong mutuality between tourism and environment via the creation of feedback mechanisms, since tourism often places adverse effects upon the quality and quantity of natural and cultural resources of the destination, leading to its qualitative and quantitative degradation. within theenvironmental impacts assessment (eia) studies, various methods have been proposed to assess and analy...

It has been argued that measuring governance at scales smaller than global could be an important management tool. However, current studies are conducted on a global scale and use expensive methods. In the present study, we assess whether the reported governance of Amazonian municipalities is related to reductions in deforestation. Economic activity (EA) affected general governance (G) positivel...