BACKGROUND According to statistics of American Society of Plastic Surgeons, cosmetic rhinoplasty was the second most frequently performed cosmetic surgery. This study shares the experiences with component rhinoplasty. METHODS From 2004 to 2010, all patients underwent aesthetic nasal surgery were enrolled. The patients requiring only correction of septal deviation and those presenting with cl...

ecological destruction in human-dominated landscapes has significant impacts on environment sustainability internationally. landscape planning can play a role in mitigating the effects of human-related activities. one element of landscape planning involves the analysis of the biological, spatial and social arrangement of areas in an urban environment and identifying characteristics that are und...

environmental impact assessment (eia) has led to the dominance of planners on the natural environment of the regions, providing the possibility of continuously monitoring and controlling the status quo by management staff. in this regard, a new semi-quantitative model is presented for the eia of the eastern alborz coal mining complex using the matrix method, and determining the corresponding im...

BACKGROUND Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is a highly age and sex associated complex disease. Little is known about the causes behind this age and sex associated increase, or if genetic and environmental factors impacts differently by gender. Our study examined the risk and heritability of primary knee osteoarthritis leading to total knee arthroplasty and whether these differences were attribu...

In many birds, body size at ̄ edging is assumed to predict accurately the probability of subsequent sur vival, and size at ̄ edging is often used as a proxy variable in analyses attempting to assess the pattern of natural selection on body size. However, in some species, size at ̄ edging can vary signi ® cantly as a function of variation in the environmental component of growth. Such developmen...

Electrical units are operated by electrical and electronic components. An environmental test sequence is useful for testing electrical units to reduce reliability issues. This study introduces test sequence guidelines based on relevant principles and considerations for electronic testing according to International Standard IEC-60068-1 and the United States Military Standard MIL-STD-810G. Test s...

We experimentally demonstrate feedback controlling of the resonant wavelength of a silicon dual-ring resonator. The feedback signal is the difference in optical scattering from the two coupled microring resonators, and the control mechanism is based on thermo-optic tuning with micro-heaters. This control scheme keeps the central wavelength of the resonator aligning with the input wavelength, wh...

The classical Blandford & Payne (1982) model for the magnetocentrifugal acceleration and collimation of a disk-wind is revisited and refined. In the original model, the gas is cold and the solution is everywhere subfast magnetosonic. In the present model the plasma has a finite temperature and the self-consistent solution of the MHD equations starts with a subslow magnetosonic speed which subse...

The beginning of February 2009 saw the failure of a particularly ambitious and long-needed project to reform and restructure environmental law in Germany – the Environmental Code (Umweltgesetzbuch). Environmental provisions, currently scattered over many individual acts, were to be united and consolidated into a single code. The aim was to create a modern, user-friendly and integrated environme...

To assess the effect of various vaccine strains on replication and shedding of virulent Marek's disease virus from experimentally infected chickens, quantitative PCR (q-PCR) methods were developed to accurately quantify viral DNA in infected chickens and in the environment in which they were housed. Four groups of 10 chickens, kept in poultry isolators, were vaccinated at 1 day old with one of ...