Recent studies using direct covert observation or a fluorescent targeting method have consistently confirmed that most near patient surfaces are not being cleaned in accordance with existing hospital policies while other studies have confirmed that patients admitted to rooms previously occupied by patients with hospital pathogens have a substantially greater risk of acquiring the same pathogen ...

Indiscriminate defecation among young children and the unsafe disposal of their feces increases fecal contamination in the household environment and the risk of diarrheal disease transmission. Improved sanitary technology for children too young to use a latrine may facilitate safe feces disposal and reduce fecal contamination in the household environment. We assessed the acceptability and feasi...

This is a summary of the presentations and discussion by the panel that addressed issues with Water, Sanitation, Food Safety, and Environmental Health during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04-06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to water, sanitation, food safety, and enviro...

Dhaka, Bangladesh, has one of the highest air lead levels in the world. In February 2000, we evaluated children at five primary schools in Dhaka to determine blood lead (BPb) levels, sources of environmental exposure, and potential risk factors for lead poisoning. Selected schools represented a range of geographic and socioeconomic strata. A total of 779 students 4-12 years of age participated....

Editorial Low level exposure to asbestos: is there a cancer risk? In the early days of asbestos use when its harmful potential was not understood hygiene standards at the workplace were extremely low. Airborne dust concentrations were uncontrolled and fibre levels in excess of 100 per ml were not unusual. This type ofexposure led to the discovery that inhalation of asbestos produced pulmonary f...

current societies are not only faced with social, economic, political and cultural problems but also with environmental crises and this forced many social scientists to study environmental values. some previous studies have shown that environmental values and moral commitment toward the environment are rooted in a specific worldview and religious education. the purpose of this study is to inves...

We describe immune phenotypes (innate and adaptive cytokines) according to environmental exposure using latent class analysis. A total of 310 schoolchildren living in Ecuador were assayed for spontaneous cytokine production as well as mitogen (SEB)-stimulated cytokines in whole blood cultures. We collected data on environmental exposures by questionnaire and on intestinal parasites by examinati...

OBJECTIVE To develop an environmental health indicator for use as a basis for developing preventive measures against Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children from the rural municipalities of Caparaó and Alto Caparaó, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and September 1998 among 1171 children under 14 years of age living in 588 dwellings selecte...

The goal of this study was to identify risk factors associated with increased fecal shedding of Salmonella enterica (SE) in groups of market swine reared in large three-site production units. We conducted an intensive, long-term investigation of potential management and environmental risk factors operating during the growing phase of pig production. Data regarding finisher site characteristics,...

Efforts to prevent worms include maintaining good body hygiene, environmental and clean food drink, wearing footwear, defecating in the toilet, personal hygiene such as cutting nails washing hands before eating. The skin is place where germs enter body, loose soil (sand, humus) for growth of worm larvae. Cleaning long dirty fingernails causes accumulation dirt disease germs. Clean snacks are pa...