The development and application of an immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on calcium alginate gel beads are reported for the successful and effective decolorization textile industrial effluent. The optimal condition for the immobilization of HRP on calcium alginate gel beads which leads to a specific activity of 15 U/g calcium alginate was identified. Upon immobilization, considering enzym...

Different enzyme immobilization approaches of Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL) onto gold surfaces and their influence on the performance of the final bioanalytical platforms are described. The laccase immobilization methods include: (i) direct adsorption onto gold electrodes (TvL/Au), (ii) covalent attachment to a gold surface modified with a bifunctional reagent, 3,3'-Dithiodipropionic acid d...

The utilization of scaffolds for enzyme immobilization involves advanced bionanotechnology applications in biorefinery fields, which can be achieved by optimizing the function of various enzymes. This review presents various current scaffolding techniques based on proteins, microbes and nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, as well as the impact of these techniques on the biorefinery of lign...

Calixarenes and their derivatives may be a promising material for enzyme immobilization owing to their particular configuration, unique molecule recognition function and aggregation properties. In this paper, p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetra-amine (TC4TA) was first used as enzyme immobilization material. This attractive material was exploited for the mild immobilization of glucose oxidase (G...

In this paper we demonstrate that SWNTs and a covalent immobilization strategy enable very sensitive sensors with excellent long term stability. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) functionalized single and multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) conjugates were exploited for direct amperometric detection of paraoxon, a model organophosphate. The catalytic hydrolysis of paraoxon produces equimoles of p...

Surface modification of implantable materials have been studied as a manner to passivate the material and create a more biocompatible implant. However in recent years, the systems used for surface modification have moved to systems which mimic that found on the cell surface. As a result of these more complex systems, methods have been developed to pattern the immobilization of biomolecules to c...

Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors represent a promising, low-cost technology for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that allows fast response and simple sample processing procedures. In this review, we summarize up-to-date literature on NAD+/NADH (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent electrochemical dehydrogenase highlight their applications in human physiological fluids. A brief comp...

Enzymes are remarkable catalysts that lie at the heart of biology, accelerating chemical reactions to an astounding extent with extraordinary specificity. Enormous progress in understanding the chemical basis of enzymatic transformations and the basic mechanisms underlying rate enhancements over the past decades is apparent. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to achieve a quantitative understa...

alkaline protease enzyme produced from bacillus licheniformis ptcc1331 in optimum condition(temperature 37 ?c, 150 rpm, ph=10), is immobilized in different concentrations of sodium alginate using entrapment method, to increase its thermal resistance in detergents, and its activity is measured thereafter. maximum enzymatic activity of 46 was obtained in 2%w/v sodium alginate solution. investigat...

A novel method for solid-phase DNA sequencing is described. A plasmid vector, pRIT27, has been designed to allow directional immobilization of double stranded plasmid to avidin agarose. The strategy involves enzymatic incorporation of 11-bio-dUTP into the plasmid and strand specific elution using alkali. The immobilized single stranded DNA is used as template for sequencing reactions and the re...