Carefully scheduling the operations of pumps can be resulted to significant energy savings. Schedules can be defined either implicit, in terms of other elements of the network such as tank levels, or explicit by specifying the time during which each pump is on/off. In this study, two new explicit representations based on timecontrolled triggers were analyzed, where the maximum number of pump sw...

This work describes a stochastic approach for the optimal placement of sensors in municipal water networks to detect maliciously injected contaminants. The model minimizes the expected fraction of the population at risk. Our work explicitly includes uncertainties in attack risks and population density, so that the resulting problem involves optimization under uncertainty. In our formulation, we...

<strong>Abstract. </strong>In Timor-Leste, supplying clean water is the responsibility of Serviço de Água e Saneamento (SAS). The study area in Zone I, locates Comoro, Dili. service uses groundwater as source with two types reservoirs; rectangular and cylinder. <strong>Objectives</strong>: This aims to evaluate existing condition distribution network (WDN) I by using Epa...

In recent years, GIS applications in water resources management have become widespread and diverse in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Application areas include urban infrastructure master planning for storm and sanitary drainage systems, water distribution, watershed planning, and regional groundwater protection. This development has occurred despite the challenge faced by users that base data...

Abstrak . Kehilangan aliran dalam sistem perpipaan menunjukkan kinerja perpipaan. kehilangan tekanan merupakan yang tidak dapat dihindari pada fluida, akan menyebabkan menjadi berkurang, sehingga menurunkan kecepatan aliran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui udara dan penurunan jaringan distribusi air bersih di lingkungan kampus USK. Untuk menentukan headloss digunakan rumus Hazen-Willi...

This population-based retrospective cohort study examined the association between developmental disorders of learning, attention and behavior and prenatal and early postnatal drinking water exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Subjects were identified through birth records from 1969 through 1983. Exposure was modeled using information from town water departments, a ...

This paper considers development of a methodology for an on-line energy and leakage management in water distribution systems, formulated within a model predictive control framework. The approach involves calculation of control actions, i.e. time schedules for pumps, valves and sources, to minimize the costs associated with energy used for water pumping and treatment and water losses due to leak...

Abstract EPANET 2.2 is a newly introduced upgraded version of 2 that can be used for both pressure-driven analysis (PDA) and demand-driven (DDA) water distribution networks. Moreover, it has certain limitations concerning the minimum required pressure head parameters PDA, which leads to inaccurate simulation results. Another limitation PDA option its inability simultaneously consider pressure-d...

The formation of bacterial regrowth and disinfection by-products is ubiquitous in chlorinated water distribution systems (WDSs) operated with organic loads. A generic, easy-to-use mechanistic model describing the fundamental processes governing interrelationship between chlorine, total carbon (TOC), bacteria to analyze spatiotemporal quality variations WDSs was developed using EPANET-MSX. repre...