conclusions closed suction caused fewer disturbances in patients’ hemodynamic condition, took shorter time, and is more economical. therefore, this method can replace open suction method in caring of severely critically ill patients. results no significant differences were observed between the two suctioning methods in terms of mean systolic blood pressure (p = 0.075), diastolic blood pressure ...

background critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation require frequent suctioning of airway secretion. closed suction permits suctioning without disconnection from ventilator; so it might decrease hypoxemia and infection rate. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the effect of closed tracheal suction system (ctss) versus open tracheal suction system (otss). patients and methods thi...

abstract background: ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common side effect in patients with an endotracheal tube. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an upper respiratory care program on the incidence of vap in mechanically ventilated patients. materials and methods: in this clinical trial, 62 patients with endotracheal tube were selected and randomly allocated to intervention or...

In this article, a theoretical mathematical model of gas flow through duct in the case local mass and momentum sources sinks is presented. The continuity equation motion with one-dimensional, density-stable flows were used to create model. size their locations have an effect on stream duct, energy losses, parameters mechanical source that causing flow. traditional approach describing concept re...

The influence of soil temperature and moisture on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood was examined in relation to hatching and survival of second-stage juveniles (J2). Nematodes were cultured on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Acala SJ2) under field conditions to provide populations similar to those found in the field in late autumn. Egg masses were placed in a temperature range...

BACKGROUND Internal fixation of femoral fractures requires drilling holes through the cortical bone of the shaft of the femur. Intramedullary suction reduces the fat emboli produced by reaming and nailing femoral fractures but requires four suction portals to be drilled into the femoral shaft. This work investigated the effect of these additional holes on the strength of the femur. METHODS Fi...