shaykh shams al-din mohammad ben makki ameli known as the first martyr is an outstanding faqih from jabal amel in the ayyubids period. trying to spread shiism in an anti-shiite environment and to have relationships with the sarbedaran of khorasan in iran, he was imprisoned and finally martyred. relying on the relationship between religion and reason and the status of reason in religious precept...

being an outstanding hadith transmitter of sunni hadith collections as well as narrating some hadiths in shiite collections while having some relation with shiite fourth, fifth, and sixth imams on the one hand and occupying various posts for 45 years in marwanid court on the other, zuhri played a significant role in organizing and writing down hadiths. such a background caused contradictory jud...

akhbārism is one of the most important shiite jurisprudential schools. it prevailed from the early eleventh century for about two hundred years as the mainstream in some jurisprudence arenas. in a number of jurisprudential books and jurisprudential principles, some jurists have been referred to as being akhbāri. despite the many studies that have been done in the field akhbārism, providing a co...