Discord in the estimated gene trees among loci can be attributed to both the process of mutation and incomplete lineage sorting. Effectively modeling these two sources of variation--mutational and coalescent variance--provides two distinct challenges for phylogenetic studies. Despite extensive investigation on mutational models for gene-tree estimation over the past two decades and recent atten...

Position uncertainty is one of the most important quantities of an unorganised three-dimensional point clouds since it provides the confidence level of any parametric estimation such as surface normal vector estimation and the registration of point clouds. We present an explicit form of position uncertainty based on the covariance analysis of a point. In addition, an explicit form of the varian...

Motivated by measurements made in the 2004 Long-Range Ocean Acoustic Propagation Experiment (LOAPEX), the problem of mode processing transient acoustic signals collected on two nearby vertical line arrays is considered. The first three moments (centroid, variance, and skewness) of broadband distributions of acoustic energy with fixed mode number (referred to as modal group arrivals) are estimat...

Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is usually conducted with a single line cross. The power of such QTL mapping depends highly on the two parental lines. If the two lines are fixed for the same allele at a putative QTL, the QTL is undetectable. On the other hand, if a QTL is segregating in the line cross and is detected, the estimated variance of the QTL cannot be extrapolated beyond the st...

the present study was carried out to compare different random regression models to estimate variance components of lamb's average birth weight per lambing (abwll) in mehraban sheep. the data were 5,559 abwll records of 2,244 mehraban ewes. the random regression models consisted of namely, flock-year-season of lambing as fixed effect, a fixed regression to fit average trajectory of the popu...

In this paper, we extend the mean-variance portfolio model to explicitly account for uncertainty about the estimated expected returns and/or the underlying return-generating model. We do this by first imposing an additional constraint on the mean-variance portfolio optimization program that restricts each parameter to lie within a specified confidence interval of its estimated value, and then b...

Additive genetic variance in natural populations is commonly estimated using mixed models, in which the covariance of the genetic effects is modeled by a genetic similarity matrix derived from a dense set of markers. An important but usually implicit assumption is that the presence of any nonadditive genetic effect increases only the residual variance and does not affect estimates of additive g...

Asymptotic equivalence results for nonparametric regression experiments have always assumed that the variances of the observations are known. In practice, however the variance of each observation is generally considered to be an unknown nuisance parameter. We establish an asymptotic approximation to the nonparametric regression experiment when the value of the variance is an additional paramete...

In estimating the minimum number of genes contributing to a quantitative character, it is suggested that the squared difference between the means of the two parents be corrected for experimental variance and that the genetic variance stemming from differences in gene frequencies of the parents be estimated by least squares utilizing information on all entries.

Brownian dynamics-based estimates of polymer tension are compared with optical traps’ direct force measurements. We suspended phalloidin-stabilized, actin filaments between two beads. The positions of the beads were controlled with optical traps facilitating direct measurement of the forces acting on the beads. The lateral, thermal fluctuations of each filament were visualized with a video came...