Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in postmenopausal women in developed countries. A possible cardioprotective role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is suggested by epidemiologic studies of HRT and reduced risk of coronary heart disease, as well as by randomized trials of HRT and lipid subfractions. Estrogen has beneficial effects on the lipid profile, raising high-den...

introduction: lower level of estrogen hormone is considered as an important factor for loss of learning and memory in postmenopausal women. although estrogen replacement therapy is used for compensation, but long-term usage of estrogen is associated with a higher risk of hormonedependent cancers. phytoestrogens, due to fewer side effects, have been proposed to prevent menopause-related cognitiv...

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are among the most bothersome complaints of postmenopausal women. To date, the most widely studied and effective treatment for VMS is hormone replacement therapy, consisting of estrogen (in women without a uterus) or estrogen plus progestin (in women with a uterus). Traditionally, oral estrogens have been used for treatment. However, over the years, additional estrogen ...

In addition to its effect on reproductive organs, estrogen exhibits complex effects on brain structure, function and behavior. In this regard, the influence of gonadal hormones especially estrogens on nociception has recently been accepted. Soybean is known as an important phytoestrogen containing plant that is used as an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy. In this study, the influenc...

Physiological levels of estrogen appear to enhance angiotensin type 2 receptor- (AT2R-) mediated vasodilatation. However, the effects of supraphysiological levels of estrogen, analogous to those achieved with high-dose estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women, remain unknown. Therefore, we pretreated ovariectomized rats with a relatively high dose of estrogen (0.5 mg/kg/week) for tw...

Cataract, already a major cause of visual impairment and blindness, is likely to become an increasing problem as the world population ages. In a previous study, we showed that transforming growth factorb (TGF b ) induces rat lenses in culture to develop opacities and other changes that have many features of human subcapsular cataracts. Here we show that estrogen protects against cataract. Lense...

OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of estrogen replacement therapy with spirometry on pulmonary function in surgically castrated (salpingo-oophorectomy) postmenopausal women with genital prolapse. METHODS The study included 60 postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse. The study received institutional Ethics Committee approval, and all subjects signed an informed consent. Women we...

We recently demonstrated that aged mice are less likely to survive following traumatic injury and are more immunosuppressed than young mice who sustain comparable injuries. Immunosuppression in severely injured patients and in rodent models of burn injury is associated with a marked elevation in proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). We reported that after sustaining a moder...