Various extracts of Sarcostemma viminale were screened for central analgesic activity by hot plate test, peripheral analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhings, CNS depressant activity by pentobarbitone-induced sleep and locomotor activity testing methods and anthelmintic activity on the earthworms Pheretima posthuma . Results showed that petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts h...

PURPOSE Limited literature supports using ethyl chloride topical spray as an anesthetic for hand injections whereas documented risks include frostbite, skin irritation, and inhalation toxicity. We hypothesize that ethyl chloride spray imparts no benefit to patients' perception of pain or anxiety for routine hand injections. METHODS We first surveyed all members of the American Society for Sur...

Using a crossed laser-molecular beam scattering apparatus, these experiments photodissociate ethyl chloride at 193 nm and detect the Cl and ethyl products, resolved by their center-of-mass recoil velocities, with vacuum ultraviolet photoionization. The data determine the relative partial cross-sections for the photoionization of ethyl radicals to form C2H5+, C2H4+, and C2H3+ at 12.1 and 13.8 eV...

Isoxadifen-ethyl can effectively alleviate nicosulfuron injury in the maize. However, the effects of safener isoxadifen-ethyl on detoxifying enzymes in maize is unknown. The individual and combined effects of the sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron and the safener isoxadifen-ethyl on the growth and selected physiological processes of maize were evaluated. Bioassays showed that the EC50 values o...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(17)H(25)NO(7)S, contains two independent mol-ecules, which are enanti-omers forming a hydrogen-bonded dimer associated with two R(2) (2)(7) patterns. In each mol-ecule, one ethyl group from the two available ethyl ester functional groups is disordered. In one mol-ecule, the ethyl group of the ester function from an α-carb-oxy-lic acid is positionally...

A series of 6,8-diiodocoumarin-3-N-carboxamides (4-11) were prepared. Treatment of ethyl 6,8-diiodocoumarin-3-carboxylate (1) with ethyl cyanoacetate/NH(4)OAc gave ethyl 2-(3-carbamoyl-6,8-diiodocoumarin-4-yl)-2-cyanoacetate (12) and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,9-diiodocoumarino[3,4-c]pyridine-1-carbonitrile (13), and treatment with acetone in the presence of NH(4)OAc or methylamine gave the ethyl 4-ox...

Ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) is one of the most prominent diazo reagents. It is frequently used in metal-carbene-type reactions. However, EDA can also be used as a nucleophile under base catalysis. Whilst the addition of EDA to aldehydes can be performed using organic bases, the addition of EDA to other carbonyl electrophiles requires the use of organometallics such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA...