Sulfur mustard is a synthetic organic compound. It was first manufactured in 1822 by the action of ethene on sulfur monochloride or dichloride. Since then, the methods of manufacture have been refined, although they have not been changed substantially. Three main processes have been used. The Germans produced sulfur mustard using the Meyer process, which involved treating ethylene with hypochlo...

The demonstration of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater is typically conducted through the evaluation of concentration trends and parent-daughter product relationships along prevailing groundwater flow paths. Unfortunately, at sites contaminated by mixtures of chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes, the evaluation of MNA by using solely concentrat...

A FI Zr-based catalyst of bis[N-(3,5-dicumylsalicylidene)-2′,6′­diisopropylanilinato]zirconium(IV) dichloride was prepared and used for polymerization of ethylene. The effects of reaction conditions on the polymerization were examined in detail. The increase in ethylene pressure and rise in polymerization temperature up to 35 oC were favorable for catalyst/MAO to raise the catalytic activity as...

Haloalkane dehalogenase converts haloalkanes to their corresponding alcohols and halides. The reaction mechanism involves the formation of a covalent alkyl-enzyme complex which is hydrolyzed by water. The active site is a hydrophobic cavity buried between the main domain and the cap domain of the enzyme. The enzyme has a broad substrate specificity, but the kcat values of the enzyme for the bes...

The effect of temperature (293 -H41 3 K) upon absorption and fluorescence spectra of p-cyanoN,N-dimethylaniline (CDMA) was investigated in 1,2-dichloroethane and ethyl acetate. Two fluorescence bands, a and b, were already observed at 293 K, with the intensity of band b increasing strongly with temperature in both solvents. The absorption and fluorescence b bands of CDMA were found to be indepe...

Filter paper, nonabsorbent cotton, and cotton wax were found to be progressively richer sources of germination-stimulatory activity effective in counteracting the self-inhibition of Puccinia graminis var. tritici Erikss. and E. Henn uredospores. The major stimulatory component of cotton wax was purified and partially characterized. It was catalytically effective in stimulating germination and o...

With the pure bacterial cultures Ancylobacter aquaticus AD20 and AD25, Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10, and Pseudomonas sp. strain AD1, Monod kinetics was observed during growth in chemostat cultures on 1,2-dichloroethane (AD20, AD25, and GJ10), 2-chloroethanol (AD20 and GJ10), and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (AD1). Both the Michaelis-Menten constants (K(m)) of the first catabolic (dehalogenating) ...

Nickel (II) complexes stabilized by PNP(NR2)2 (L1: R = Methyl, L2: ethyl, L3: isopropyl) ligands were synthesized and characterized. A narrow range of products was observed for catalytic systems containing nickel ethyl aluminum dichloride (EADC). All exhibit considerable activity in the ethylene dimerization to produce 1-butene. Precatalyst 1 is most conducive dimerization, producing 83.4% C4 (...