This Special Issue of the Journal of Econometrics contains a selection of papers presented at the 12 th (EC) 2 conference on " Causality and Exogeneity in Econometrics " held in Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium in December 2001. (EC) 2 stands for European Conference of the Econom(etr)ics Community. The (EC) 2 conference series was established in 1990. The meetings are small-scale conferences, organize...

This contribution presents the "mapping service environmental noise Schleswig-Holstein": The main component of this web platform consists of a WebGIS with strategic noise maps ("Noise Atlas"). The system was developed in order to support the demands for the first period of the EC Environmental Noise Directive in 2007. The Noise Atlas was since then enhanced continuously, the additions include a...

Over four decades of the development of data protection laws, the world has witnessed data protection regimes finally arriving in Africa. At present, there are eleven African countries out of 54 with comprehensive data protection legislation. These are Cape Verde (22 January 2001), Seychelles (24 December 2003), Burkina Faso (20 April 2004), Mauritius (17 June 2004), Tunisia (27 July 2004), Sen...

Participation of the European Parliament in process energy sector communitarization and providing assurance Community security is enormous due to its position legitimacy institutions structure. – through participation development acquis communautaire, under ordinary legislative procedure a full?fledged entity responsible for shape EU’s legal order, views MPs interact indirectly on EU law polici...

Itai and Rodeh [IR] have proved thal for any 2-conncctcd graph G and any vertex S E G there are two spanning trees such that the paths from any othcr vcrtex to s on the trees are disjoint. In this p,aper the result is generalized to 3-connected graphs. T ec hn io n C om pu te r Sc ie nc e D ep ar tm en t T eh ni ca l R ep or t C S0 46 2 19 87 -1

Does the paucity of empirical evidence of sympatric speciation in nature reflect reality, despite theoretical support? Or is it due to inappropriate searches in nature with overly restrictive assumptions and an incorrect null hypothesis? Spiny mice, Acomys, described here at Evolution Canyon (EC) incipiently and sympatrically speciate owing to microclimatic interslope divergence. The opposite s...

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine the following: 1) the exposure levels of municipal household waste (MHW) workers to diesel particulate matter (DPM) using elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), total carbon (TC), black carbon (BC), and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) as indicators; 2) the correlations among the indicators; 3) the optimal indicator for DPM; and 4) fac...

Since the mid-1990s, the life sciences have undergone a major revolution. The systematic sequencing of the human and other genomes has triggered major changes in biological research, which was previously based on the traditional bottom-up philosophy of individual investigators contributing knowledge piecemeal. But technological advances and large-scale approaches to knowledge production require...

Decentralisation has an important meaning in the context of European integration, since a Europe composed of subsidiary spatial units is to be constructed and a ”Europe of regions” is on the agenda of many political discussions. From the early 1990s, the European Communities (EC), later the European Union (EU), promoted the idea of administrative decentralisation also in transformation countrie...

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