Evidence suggests that there are aging-related changes in corticospinal stimulus-response curve characteristics in later life. However, there is also limited evidence that these changes may only be evident in postmenopausal women and not in men. This study compared corticospinal stimulus-response curves from a group of young men [19.8 ± 1.6 yr (range 17-23 yr)] and a group of old men [n = 18, a...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) rat model shows biological and behavioral abnormalities similar to schizophrenia. Disturbed sensory gating reflects a consistent neurobiological abnormality in schizophrenia. Although of critical interest, sensory gating has not been evaluated in the NVHL model. METHODS The N40 rat analog of the human P50 was measured to assess se...

The present study aimed to identify the trends of changes in physiological indicators and subjective restorativeness response audio-visual interactions environment. Four scenarios types were presented using four different modalities (video-sound, image-sound, sound-only, video-only; each modality was evaluated by independent groups subjects). responses restoration subjects measured assess betwe...

There have been several previous reports of the use of the gross electrical brain potentials evoked by visual stimulation (evoked potentials) to provide A popular method has been to direct brief, very bright, flashes of light into one or both eyes, and to extract the scalp evoked potentials from the spontaneous EEG by computer averaging. The potentials evoked in this way are not easily quantifi...

This course module introduces the analysis of data from intracellular patch-clamp recordings in the voltage clamp mode, focusing on the detection and statistical description of spontaneous as well as evoked post-synaptic currents (PSCs). After having completed the module, students should be able to detect PSCs by setting appropriate thresholds and analyze amplitude distribution, reliability and...

In this study, we implemented a new method for measuring the temporal delay of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses and then estimated the statistical distribution of response delays evoked by visual stimuli (checkered annuli) within and across voxels in human visual cortex. We assessed delay variability among different cortical sites and between parenchyma and blood vessels. ...

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) are highly variable, reflecting physiological fluctuations in corticospinal excitability. Besides changes coil 3D-orientation, MEP variability also depends on several factors related to state stimulated [1,2]. Another factor, poorly investigated so far, is physical brain displacem...

Heart rate measures were used to examine the functional response of young chimpanzees and orangutans to acoustic stimuli, including white noise and chimpanzee vocalizations (threat, stress, and alarm). The initial response of the animals to all stimuli was characterized by a prominent cardiac deceleration and an increase in heart period variability. The deceleratory responses persisted with rep...