Abstract The hybrid clause is an optional dispute resolution that offers the parties to a contract, for resolving their dispute, option between state courts and arbitral tribunals. combination of two different mechanisms, litigation arbitration, raises issue determining international or regional instruments applicable this clause, such as Brussels I bis Regulation. As matter fact, Recast Regula...

We consider the question of the existence of variables with few occurrences in boolean conjunctive normal forms (clause-sets). Let μvd(F ) for a clause-set F denote the minimal variable-degree, the minimum of the number of occurrences of variables. Our main result is an upper bound μvd(F ) ≤ nM(σ(F )) ≤ σ(F ) + 1 + log 2 (σ(F )) for lean clause-sets F in dependency on the surplus σ(F ). Lean cl...

The most perspicuous phenomenon that demonstrates the head-final property of Japanese is the sentence-final clusters of auxiliary verbs such as (s)ase and conjunctive particles nagara. Although they are related to the hierarchical clause structure that has been discussed in the literature of Japanese linguistics, the hierarchical complexities have also been one of the major causes of the failur...

As satisfiability (SAT) solver performance has improved, so has their complexity, which make it more likely that SAT solvers contain bugs. One important source of increased complexity is clause sharing in parallel SAT solvers. SAT solvers can emit a proof of unsatisfiability to gain confidence that their results are correct. Such proofs must contain deletion information in order to check them e...

Abstract This Commentaire bears out a prediction of Anand et al.'s (to appear) syntactic identity condition on sluicing. Identity is calculated over argument domains as small clauses. With extraction clause subject, sluicing possible where only predicate has an antecedent.

When a sentence with more than one clause is processed, words of the first clause become less available for recall or recogrrition once the clause boundary has been passed. One common interpretation of this observation is that the representation of a given word shifts from a predominantly surface form (e.g., phonological or lexical) to a semantic form, after the clause boundary. Ttvo experiment...