Plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, citrate, albumin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured during and after exchange transfusion of infants suffering from haemolytic disease using blood anticoagulated with acid-citrate and dextrose (ACD) or heparin. Pretransfusion plasma PTH and phosphate both correlated positively with postnatal age but not with each other. Transfusion with ACD...

A simple modification to the standard 'in-out' exchange transfusion technique is described which requires cannulation of the umbilical vein only, yet provides many of the theoretical and practical advantages of a 2-catheter arteriovenous technique. The advantages include a reduction of cardiovascular disturbance; a reduction of the inevitable pressure changes in the portal venous system (probab...

The metabolism and excretion of paracetamol was studied in an infant of 29 weeks' gestation who was exposed to the drug when his mother ingested 32.5 g 16 hours before delivery. We have confirmed that sulphation is the major pathway and that the mixed function oxidase system is sufficiently active at this gestational age to produce hepatotoxic metabolic products. As most of the recognised drug ...

Exchange transfusion in small infants carries a mortality of 4-7 5% (Van Praagh, 1961; Boggs and Westphal, 1960). Many factors such as hypocalcaemia, circulatory overloading, hyperkalaemia, acidosis, citrate toxicity may be responsible, and the mode of death, whatever the aetiology, is usually thought to be acute cardiac failure (O'Neill and Gordon, 1959; Robinson and Barrie, 1963), and commonl...

Exchange transfusion in the immediate treatment of haemolytic disease of the newborn is now a fully established procedure with more or less agreed indications for its use (Allen and Diamond, 1957). Up till now the procedure has been mainly used to prevent kernikterus and in this it has been eminently successful both in the 'clinical ' and the ' pathological' varieties of this condition. It can ...

E XCHANGE transfusions have been accepted as the therapy of choice in severe cases of erythroblastosis fetalis. Bessis and Bernard’ and others25 have reported the value of replacement transfusions in patients with acute leukemia, anemia, toxemias, anuria, etc. The technics employed in these transfusions in children and adults have been adequately described 5; the advantages of any one particula...

The mortality of coma complicating acute hepatic necrosis remains high at about 80% and recently exchange transfusion has shown some promising results. This line of treatment is based on the assumption that improvement depends on the removal of non-dialysable toxic substances from the circulation although some authors have suggested that the benefit might be due to the addition of deficient fac...

The ability of recombinant human Hb (rHb1.1), which is being developed as an oxygen therapeutic, to support metabolism was measured by in vivo 31P-NMR surface coil spectroscopy of the rat abdomen in control animals and in animals subjected to isovolemic exchange transfusion to hematocrit of <3% with human serum albumin or 5 g/dl rHb1.1. No significant changes in metabolite levels were observed ...

BACKGROUND Despite limited data, international guidelines recommend the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in neonates with rhesus hemolytic disease. OBJECTIVE We tested whether prophylactic use of IVIg reduces the need for exchange transfusions in neonates with rhesus hemolytic disease. DESIGN AND SETTING We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in neonates w...

BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury incidence remains the leading cause of posttransfusion mortality. The etiology may be related to leukocyte antibodies or biologically active compounds in transfused plasma, injuring susceptible recipient's lungs. The authors have hypothesized that transfusion could have less severe effects that are not always appreciated clinically and have shown...