In order to lower the Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) concentration in internal combustion engine emissions and to improve performance, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Scavenging mechanism are introduced. EGR recirculates a fraction of the exhaust gas back into the cylinders, thus diluting the intake air. This lowers the maximum combustion temperature and, since the formation of NOx is heavily depend...

| Automotive emissions are severely regulated. Since 1980, a three-way catalyst (TWC) has been used to convert harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen into less harmful gases in order to meet these regulations. The TWC's e ciency of conversion of these gases is primarily dependent on the mass ratio of air to fuel (A=F ) in the mixture leaving the exhaust manif...

A new laser technology which achieves nearly 100 nm quasi-continuous tuning using only injection current control in a four-section Grating-Coupler, Sampled-Reflector (GCSR) laser was used to simultaneously detect CO and CO2 in room-temperature gas mixtures. The same GCSR laser was used to perform in-situ measurements of CO, H2O, and OH in the exhaust gases of a methane/air flame. This laser is ...

Due to the serious issues caused by air pollution and global warming, emission regulations are becoming stricter. New technologies that reduce NOx and PM emissions are needed. To cope with these social exhaust gas regulation demands, many advanced countries are striving to develop eco-friendly vehicles in order to respond to stricter emissions regulations. The homogeneous charged compression ig...

Di methyl carbonate (DMC) has a lot of good properties to be used as a blend with gasoline. In order to improve the efficiency, combustion stability and emission performance of a spark ignition engine, oxygenated fuel (DMC) is added to a gasoline. In this experimental work, the effect of using 100% gasoline and gasoline-DMC blends (D5, D10, D15 and D20) on four cylinder engine performance and e...

In diesel engines, it is difficult to reduce both smoke and NOx simultaneously. An experimental study was conducted to determine the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a commercial single cylinder, natural aspirated, air cooled DI diesel engine. The system was modified to work on either dual fuel or diesel alone. The objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of d...

A mixed transportation network design problem considering sustainable development was studied in this paper. Based on the discretization of continuous link-grade decision variables, a bilevel programming model was proposed to describe the problem, in which sustainability factors, including vehicle exhaust emissions, land-use scale, link load, and financial budget, are considered. The objective ...

In the recent years, China's auto industry develops rapidly, thus bringing a series of burdens to society and environment. This paper uses Logistic model to simulate the future trend of China's vehicle population and finds that China's auto industry would come into high speed development time during 2020-2050. Moreover, this paper predicts vehicles' fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (CO, H...

Tail pipe emission control has become one of the most interesting challenges in automotive technology.Researchers across the globe are concentrating on to reduce the emissions with high environmental impact either by adapting to new technologies or alternate fuels or both.In this paper, cold EGR technique by replacing a part of incoming air is used with the implementation of biodiesels suchas J...

Emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles are predominant anthropogenic sources of reactive gas-phase organic carbon and key precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban areas. Their relative importance for aerosol formation is a controversial issue with implications for air quality control policy and public health. We characterize the chemical composition, mass distribution, and or...