We point out that supergravity effects enable the inflaton to decay into all matter fields, including the visible and the supersymmetry breaking sectors, once the inflaton acquires a non-vanishing vacuum expectation value. The new decay processes have great impacts on cosmology; the reheating temperature is bounded below; the gravitinos are produced by the inflaton decay in a broad class of the...

This study explores the mechanism which triggers consumer's immediate gratification behavior. It is proposed that consumer's expectation of meaningful life transformation by acquisition of a product causes her perception of product hedonic and utilitarian value, which can further predict immediate gratification. The positive impact of perception of hedonic value on immediate gratification can b...

We propose an online, on-policy least-squares policy iteration (LSPI) algorithm which can be applied to infinite horizon problems with where states and controls are vector-valued and continuous. We do not use special structure such as linear, additive noise, and we assume that the expectation cannot be computed exactly. We use the concept of the post-decision state variable to eliminate the exp...

Tail conditional expectations refer to the expected values of random variables conditioning on some tail events and are closely related to various coherent risk measures. In the univariate case, the tail conditional expectation is asymptotically proportional to the value-at-risk, a popular risk measure. The focus of this paper is on asymptotic relations between the multivariate tail conditional...

The vacuum expectation value of the Wilson loop functional in pure Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary two-dimensional orientable manifold is studied. We consider the calculation of this quantity for the abelian theory in the continuum case and for the arbitrary gauge group and arbitrary lattice action in the lattice case. A classification of topological sectors of the theory and the related clas...

Service quality evaluation is an important problem in service operations management. Service quality depends on service satisfaction which is determined by the service expectation and service perception describing by fuzzy information typically. According to the fuzzy information of service expectation and service perception given by customers, this paper proposes a method for service quality e...

The study of open string tachyon condensation in string field theory can be drastically simplified by making an appropriate choice of coordinates on the space of string fields. We show that a very natural coordinate system is suggested by the connection between the worldsheet renormalization group and spacetime physics. In this system only one field, the tachyon, condenses while all other field...

We prove that the expectation value of the index function if (x) over a probability space of injective function f on any finite simple graph G = (V,E) is equal to the curvature K(x) at the vertex x. This result complements and links Gauss-Bonnet ∑ x∈V K(x) = χ(G) and Poincaré-Hopf ∑ x∈V if(x) = χ(G) which both hold for arbitrary finite simple graphs.

In the context of an idealized model describing an atom coupled to black-body radiation at a sufficiently high positive temperature, we show that the atom will end up being ionized in the limit of large times. Mathematically, this is translated into the statement that the coupled system does not have any time-translation invariant state of positive (asymptotic) temperature, and that the expecta...