INTRODUCTION For many years political and professional concerns have centred on the health service access of Norway's modern Indigenous Sami people. Thirty years ago, a study determined that a low rate of health expenditure on Sami patients had lead to inferior health services for the Sami people, with their average consultation rate 6 times lower than the Norwegian national average. Since 1980...

Consumption Expenditure Of the four components of aggregate demand, consumption expenditure C is the largest contributing to between 60% and 70% of total expenditure. For this reason, we often start our analysis with this particular component. This category of expenditure includes private spending on durable goods (automobiles, electronic goods, appliances, ... ), non-durable goods (food, cloth...

This paper investigates the evolution of expenditure inequality in Indonesia during 1999-2008, a period that coincides greatly with the implementation of fiscal decentralisation policy. In general, the results show increasing expenditure inequality evident in a decreasing share of income in the bottom 10 percent, and an increasing share in the top 10 percent. Further examination employing the t...

As long-term care policy makers struggle with competing challenges including state budget deficits and pressures to expand homeand community-based services (HCBS), there is a pressing need for information on the comparative cost of Medicaid HCBS and institutional care. This paper uses the most recent available data (2002) to present three per participant expenditure comparisons between Medicaid...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the trend of expenditure on drug-related psychiatric hospital admissions in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, from 1999 to 2012. METHOD Ecological time series research with secondary data from the hospital information system of the unified health system ("SIH-SUS"). The records of admissions with a main diagnosis of drug abuse were used to calculate average expenditure. Chapter V ...

Understanding the genetic factors of obesity requires consideration of the genetic basis of the underlying etiological factors including energy expenditure and substrate utilization. Genetic susceptibility studies suggest that altered energy expenditure and/or preferential substrate utilization are likely to be involved in the etiology of obesity. Twin and family studies suggest that there is a...

This paper has two parts. The first part examines the regional health expenditure inequality in China by testing two hypotheses on health expenditure convergence. Cross-section regressions and cluster analysis are used to study the health expenditure convergence and to identify convergence clusters. We find no single nationwide convergence, only convergence by cluster. In the second part of the...

Both overnutrition and undernutrition affect energy metabolism, with overnutrition raising energy expenditure and undernutrition lowering it. Fever is a powerful stimulator of thermogenesis. In diseases such as cancer, AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis, whether energy expenditure is increased or decreased often depends on how advanced the disorder is. Early on, when the greater ...

Pashardes (1991) and Banks, Blundell and Preston (1994) use parametric methods to estimate lifetime equivalence scales. Their approaches put parametric restrictions on the differences in within-period expenditure needs across household types, the intertemporal allocation of expenditure, and the shapes of commodity demand equations. This paper puts parametric structure only on the differences in...

and obscures the secular increase in real expenditure on means-tested transfer programs taken as a whole. Indeed, Figure 1, which shows expenditures since 1968 in the 80 largest programs in the country, indicates that per-capita expenditure on means-tested programs is higher today than ever in its history. The enormous growth in real expenditure that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s, ...