A simple model is presented for synthesizing binaural sound from a monaural source. The model produces vertical as well as horizontal and externalization effects. The simplicity of the model permits efficient implementation, allowing for realtime multisource operation. Additionally, the parameters in the model can be adjusted to fit a particular individual's characteristics.

One of the hallmarks of apoptosis is the redistribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner-to-outer plasma membrane (PM) leaflet, where it functions as a ligand for phagocyte recognition and the suppression of inflammatory responses. The mechanism by which apoptotic cells externalize PS has been assumed to involve "scramblases" that randomize phospholipids across the PM bilayer. These pu...

Naï ve reasoning and problem solving is error-prone. One such pattern is manifested in that people err more often when problems are indeterminate than when problems are determinate We suggest that an incomplete problem representation could account for the observed pattern of errors. We further contend that in verbal reasoning such incomplete representation stems from a lack of systematic repres...

Stimulation of the CD95/Fas/Apo-1 receptor leads to apoptosis through activation of the caspase family of cysteine proteases and disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim). We show that, in Jurkat human T cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, Fas-induced apoptosis is preceded by 1) an increase in reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and 2) an elevation of Deltapsim. Th...

Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is a key feature of apoptosis. As the signals underlying these phenomena are unknown, it is generally assumed that PS exposure is a consequence of caspase activation, another hallmark of apoptosis. In this study we investigated the role of caspases in PS externalization during apoptosis of activated PBL triggered by...

When a new product development team faces challenges, such as the cross-functional knowledge conversion task, both simple and existing organizational structures are comprised of various management methods and knowledge characteristics, analogous to a fully armed military force. However, these features are not arranged in order of priority. Each step within the knowledge conversion process of ne...