Intraseasonal rainfall variability of the South American monsoon system is characterized by a pronounced dipole between southeastern South America and southeastern Brazil. Here we analyze the dynamical properties of extreme rainfall events associated with this dipole by combining a nonlinear synchronization measure with complex networks. We make the following main observations: (i) Our approach...

Within the last 20 years at least 200 super carriers have been lost due to severe weather conditions. In many cases the cause of the accidents is believed to be 'rogue waves', which are individual waves of exceptional wave height or abnormal shape. In situ measurements of extreme waves are scarce and most observations are reported by ship masters after the encounter. A normal Atlantic hurricane...

The influence of localized water currents on the nonlinear dynamics and stability of large amplitude, statistically distributed gravity waves is investigated theoretically and numerically by means of an evolution equation for a Wigner function governing the spectrum of waves. It is shown that water waves propagating in the opposite direction of a localized current channel can be trapped in the ...

We study the limiting behavior of large-amplitude standing waves on deep water using high-resolution numerical simulations in double and quadruple precision. While periodic traveling waves approach Stokes's sharply crested extreme wave in an asymptotically self-similar manner, we find that standing waves behave differently. Instead of sharpening to a corner or cusp as previously conjectured, th...