The turnover of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal biomass represents a significant input into forest carbon (C) and nutrient cycles. Given the size of these fluxes, understanding the factors that control the decomposition of this necromass will greatly improve understanding of C and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Recent research has highlighted the considerable variation in the decomposition rates o...

Letter-phoneme alignment is usually generated by a straightforward application of the EM algorithm. We explore several alternative alignment methods that employ phonetics, integer programming, and sets of constraints, and propose a novel approach of refining the EM alignment by aggregation of best alignments. We perform both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation of the assortment of methods. We sh...

Objective: Teaching is considered as one of the noble professions and faculties has responsibility to sculpt behavior, potential future any individual. convey proficiency, education their expertise students. This study's objective investigate analyse impact motivation on faculty commitment. Theoretical Framework: It proposed that reduce attrition, retain enhance efficiency faculties, it necessa...

This paper develops a motivation-based perspective to explore how organisations resolve the social dilemma of knowledge sharing, and the ways in which different motivational mechanisms interact to foster knowledge sharing and creation in different organisational contexts. The core assumption is that the willingness of organisational members to engage in knowledge sharing can be viewed on a cont...

PURPOSE In previous research, the motivation of massage therapy students was observed to change between commencement of their professional studies and entry into practice. The change involved a decrease in intrinsic motivation (associated with altruism) and an increase in extrinsic motivation (associated with the prospect of external rewards). This paper reports on the influences underlying tho...

This study explored the relationships among reading motivation, strategy use and, comprehension in EFL reading. A cohort of 308 male and female students at preparatory year an emerging Saudi university completed a motivation questionnaire, test. Independent samples t-test results revealed that with high (extrinsic, intrinsic, efficacy) used three categories (pre, while, post-reading strategies)...

Background: With regard to research evidence, moral incivility has expanded in the educational environment one of these incivilities can be called academic incivility. The aim of present research was to investigation the mediating role of academic engagement in the relationship between academic motivation and academic incivility. Method: The present study is descriptive-correlational, that fro...

We combined Massively Multiplayer Online Game and technology-based collaborative learning methods to examine peer motivational factors influencing intention to learn; these have seldom been jointly examined. We proposed two new constructs, peer intrinsic motivation and peer extrinsic motivation, and investigated their effect on a player’s intention to learn individually and collaboratively. Our...