Background: Motivation is a driver to health worker performance in most Ghanaian hospitals. In view of this, Ghana’s Ministry of Health has rolled out enough motivational policies to accentuate work performance of health workers. Objective: The focus of this study was to examine the impact of motivation and identify how intrinsic and extrinsic motivating ...

The present study examined the relationship between willingness to communicate (WTC) and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation among Iranian intermediate learners of English. It also attempted to identify the motivational orientations which best predicted learners’ WTC. Moreover, it measured Iranian intermediate learners’ willingness to read (WTR), willingness to listen (WTL), and willingness to write...

Conservation ethics have been based on 2 philosophical value systems: extrinsic value (defined broadly to include all values that derive from something external to the thing valued) and intrinsic value. Valuing biological diversity on the basis of an extrinsic value system is problematic because measurement is often difficult; extrinsic value changes as spatial or temporal scales change; extrin...

Abstract Let $B^n\subset \mathbb{R} ^{n}$ and $\mathbb{S} ^n\subset ^{n+1}$ denote the Euclidean $n$-dimensional unit ball sphere, respectively. The extrinsic $k$-energy functional is defined on Sobolev space $W^{k,2}\left (B^n,\mathbb{S} ^n \right )$ as follows: $E_{k}^{{\textrm{ext}}}(u)=\int _{B^n}|\Delta ^s u|^2\ dx$ when $k=2s$, _{B^n}|\nabla \Delta $k=2s+1$. These energy functionals are a...

Novel techniques are conceived for joint compressive sensing (CS) and low-density parity check (LDPC) coding in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), namely, a soft-input soft-output (SISO) tree search sphere decoding (SD) technique an SISO Hamming distance (HD)-based solution. Factor graphs utilized to describe the connectivity between signals sensors, as well with LDPC codes. In fusion center (FC)...

We present a multi-scale model to study the attachment of spherical particles with a rigid core, coated with binding ligands and suspended in the surrounding, quiescent fluid medium. This class of fluid-immersed adhesion is widespread in many natural and engineering settings, particularly in microbial surface adhesion. Our theory highlights how the micro-scale binding kinetics of these ligands,...

The spin Hall effect is the appearance of a transverse spin current in a non-magnetic conductor by pure electrical control. The extrinsic spin Hall effect originates from the spin-dependent skew scattering of electrons by impurities in the presence of SOI and can be used for an efficient conversion of charge current into spin-polarized currents. Recently, it has been explored for replacing ferr...

Gaussian beams describe the amplitude and phase of rays and are widely used to model acoustic propagation. This paper describes four new results in the theory of Gaussian beams. (1) A new version of the Červený equations for the amplitude and phase of Gaussian beams is developed by applying the equivalence of Hamilton–Jacobi theory with Jacobi’s equation that connects Riemannian curvature to ge...