The domestication process of the laboratory rat has been going on for several hundred generations in stable environmental conditions, which may have affected their physiological and behavioural functions, including their circadian system. Rats tested in our ethological experiments were laboratory-bred wild Norway rats (WWCPS), two strains of pigmented laboratory rats (Brown Norway and Long Evan...

Fusion of plasmodia of strains 15 and 29 of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum under appropriate conditions results in a lethal reaction visible to the naked eye. Examination by autoradiography and electron microscopy of areas in which the reaction is occurring shows that most of the nuclei derived from strain 29 (the sensitive strain) are enclosed in vesicles and are disintegrating, but that...

Various researchers have proposed pupillometric indicators to assess a person's cognitive strain. However, distinguish the variation of pupil light response from psychosensory in experimental field conditions is challenge. The Index Cognitive Activity (ICA) addresses this problem by wavelet separation. This research investigates ICA's sensitivity for multiple level task-evoked activity and visu...

Genetic determinants may contribute to the large variability in arterial blood pressure responses to changes in sleep/wake state in humans. In this study, we developed techniques to examine the relationship between sleep/wake state and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in unrestrained, genetically identical mice (C57BL/6J; n = 9). The left common carotid artery was catheterized, and arterial blood g...

The present report presents a series of experiments using Bartha's K strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) designed to test the specificity of this virus as a retrograde transneuronal marker in the sympathetic nervous system of rats. Three experiments were performed. First, an injection of PRV was made in the anterior chamber of the eye, followed 24 hr later by an injection of WGA-HRP. PRV infecte...

Imperfections in binocular image pairs can cause serious viewing discomfort. For example, in stereo vision systems eye strain is caused by unintentional mismatches between the left and right eye images (stereo imperfections). Head-mounted displays can induce eye strain due to optical misalignments. We have experimentally determined the level of (dis)comfort experienced by human observers viewin...

In today’s society, the use of computer as a tool at workplaces, academic institutions, recreation facilities and homes has become very common. It is estimated that globally, about 45 to 70 million people spend hours staring into a video display terminal, popularly known as computer screen. Several studies, mainly in developed countries, have shown an association between computer use and visual...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of each of seven expressed herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins as vaccines to protect against ocular disease after primary ocular HSV-1 infection. METHODS Mice were vaccinated three times with equal amounts of each of seven individually expressed HSV-1 glycoproteins (gB, gC, gD, gE, gG, gH, and gI) and then ocularly challenged with McKrae, a corneal di...

Although retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is clinically characterized by abnormal retinal vessels at the posterior pole of the eye, it is also commonly characterized by vascular abnormalities in the anterior segment, visual dysfunction which is based in retinal dysfunction, and, most commonly of all, arrested eye growth and high refractive error, particularly (and paradoxically) myopia. The oxy...

Abstract Uniaxial tensile tests are the most common method for investigating mechanical properties of materials. However, due to small strength and size certain materials, larger conventional universal testing machines sometimes not suitable performing elongation testing, so dedicated test setups required. Therefore, authors developed a device measure small, flexible e.g. fragile specimens caps...