Enhanced oxidant stress occurring either locally in the vessel wall or systemically is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans. Nonetheless, evidence that oxidant stress is increased in vivo in association with this disease and that it can be quantified in living human beings has been lacking because of the unavailability of biomarkers to assess oxidant stress in humans. Rec...

Context F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoPs) are biomarkers for oxidative stress in humans and have been shown to be elevated in obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Therefore, F2-isoPs are often implicated in oxidative stress contributing to insulin resistance, although this has not been rigorously examined. Objective To determine whether urinary F2-isoPs are predictive of insulin sensitivit...

Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as one of the major underlying mechanisms behind many acute and chronic diseases. However, the measurement of free radicals or their end products is complicated. Isoprostanes, derived from the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid are now considered to be reliable biomarkers of oxidant stress in the human body. Isoprostanes are involved in many...

Background—Oxidation of LDL produces a series of biologically active, oxidized lipids. Among them, isoprostanes, and in particular iPF2 -III, seem to be crucial in mediating some of the key cellular events seen in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods and Results—Minimally modified LDL (MM-LDL) triggers a dose-dependent, very rapid neutrophil adhesion to human fibrinogen. Rapid adhesi...

A high plasma urate concentration (PUA), related to loss of urate oxidase in evolution, is postulated to protect humans from oxidative injury. This hypothesis has broad clinical relevance, but support rests largely on in vitro data and epidemiologic associations. Pegloticase therapy generates H(2)O(2) while depleting urate, offering an in vivo test of the antioxidant hypothesis. We show that er...