embryo donation was one of the infertility treatment methods introduced to the iranian legal system in 2003 (act of embryo donation) and its by-law passed in 2005 after numerous discussions. embryo donation is a new legal issue in iran. no similar act has been previously legislated in the legal system; however, on the other hand, the importance of the judicial procedure in its execution cannot ...

Mass drug screening offers a deceptively simple solution to the problem of drug use among workers. Even a very effective test is subject to error. In any given group of tested individuals, some will unavoidably be falsely accused. Even though scientific tests appear to provide efficient solutions to social and legal problems, these tests should not be accepted unless they also meet our standard...

Current rights management systems are not able to enforce copyright laws because of both legal and technological reasons. The contract rights granted by a copyright owner are often overridden by the users’ statutory rights that are granted by the laws. In particular, Fair Use allows for “unauthorized but not illegal” use of content. Two technological reasons why fair use cannot be upheld: (1) t...

This paper tries to serve as an introductory reading to privacy issues in the field of ubiquitous computing. It develops six principles for guiding system design, based on a set of fair information practices common in most privacy legislation in use today: notice, choice and consent, proximity and locality, anonymity and pseudonymity, security, and access and recourse. A brief look at the histo...

Abstract Private sports governing bodies in the United Kingdom have contractual freedom to organise their own tribunals and disputes procedures. There is no legislation UK that governs form of a body’s dispute resolution procedure. The common law and, certain extent, other industry measures influence structure procedure within private body. When establishing systems self-regulating industries, ...

With robust growth and comparatively stable economy, India continues to be a key and fast developing market across the world. Number of foreign companies operating in India grows 100% every year. Yet India is still to embark upon a law that matches to developed nations’ legal system and meets investors’ expectations. However, the courts in India have used existing laws to afford protection and ...

Background: The legality of the laws and regulations on ethics has always been emphasized on the morality of legal systems and its necessity has been discussed. In Iran, because of other small-scale systems, the law creates and introduces strong rules. The law may not be applicable to the evidence. In fact, the high-level rules have many implications. The purpose of this study is to investigate...