Almost all of the more than 200 species of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Attini) cultivate litter-decomposing fungi in the family Lepiotaceae (Basidiomycota: Agaricales). The single exception to this rule is a subgroup of ant species within the lower attine genus Apterostigma, which cultivate pterulaceous fungi distantly related to the Lepiotaceae. Comparison of cultivar and ant phylogenies ...

It is not surprising that the Arab community adorns speed of time with flash a sword, al-waqt Ka al-saif fa in lam taqtha "hau gatha' aka (time like sword if you don't use it, it will cut you)." Meanwhile, quoting from personal devotional book summary 5000 Pearls we must be vigilant and careful about rotating wheel because are complacent crushed. By seeing how important value great God's grace ...

Tree peonies native to China have become an internationalized ornamental plant and are widely cultivated in many countries in Asia, America, Europe and Australia. Breeding starting from domestication of wild plants through selection of bud mutations and seedlings to hybridization has been done for about 1500 years. At present a few thousand cultivars are cultivated globally in gardens or propag...

Discrimination between disomic and tetrasomic inheritance aids in determining whether tetraploids originated by allotetraploidy or autotetraploidy, respectively. Past assessments of inheritance in tetraploids have used analyses whereby each inheritance hypothesis is tested independently. I present a Bayesian analysis that is appropriate for discriminating among several inheritance hypotheses an...

Stability of breadmaking quality of four Croatian bread winter wheat cultivars was investigated using rheological traits from the farinogram (dough development time, stability, degree of so�ening, water absorption, Hankoczy quality number) and the extensogram (extensibility, maximum resistance, ratio of resistance to extensibility, energy) and the indirect traits (protein content, wet gluten co...

In this study, we characterized the miR482 family in cotton using existing small RNA datasets and the recently released draft genome sequence of Gossypium raimondii, a diploid cotton species whose progenitor is the putative contributor of the Dt (representing the D genome of tetraploid) genome of the cultivated tetraploid cotton species G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Of the three ghr-miR482 mem...