For nearly two decades, restorative justice responses to youth offending have been in place in all Australian states and territories. During this time, a vast amount of research on restorative justice processes and their impact on participants has amassed. Results consistently demonstrate that participants in restorative justice processes report positive experiences and regard their justice pro...

In the surrogate mother procreation can be divorced both from sex as well as any anticipation of child rearing. Often the risks of surrogate motherhood are presented in terms of alternative family structures and economic exploitation of women. Such possibilities must invite critical reflection in order for there to be legal reform. Of paramount importance is the child's best interest and until ...

This paper considers a security agent based approach to authorization in a distributed environment. A security agent is used to capture the privileges and a part of security policy in distributed authorization. Principals make use of these agents to carry out their requests on remote hosts. Targets verify the authenticity of the security agent and its privileges and use them together with their...

Security is a crucial issue for information systems. Traditionally, security is considered after the definition of the system. However, this approach often leads to problems, which translate into security vulnerabilities. From the viewpoint of the traditional security paradigm, it should be possible to eliminate such problems through better integration of security and systems engineering. This ...

Utopian thoughts have precedence as old as human history. Islamic civilization utopian thought owes its progress to the Farabi&rsquos utopian concept and expansion and academic study of utopian term in west owes to the Thomas More Utopia book. Theoretically, Farabi&rsquos utopian thoughts influenced development of utopian system in both Islam and Western civilizations. By emphasis on Farabi&rsq...

supervision of insurance in all states is carried out for the purpose of development and evolution of insurance market. however, the method and field of supervision is different in states in relation to time and law and national development structure. the function of insurance in relation to creation of security and continuance of economic and social activities and development of social justice...

Abstract This Article aims to reimagine post-national legal solidarity. It does so by bringing debates over Habermasian constitutional theory bear on the evolving use of mutual recognition and trust in EU’s Area Freedom, Security, Justice (AFSJ), particularly context European asylum law reforms Dublin Regulation. Insofar as critiques “constitutional patriotism” apply principle trust, suggests w...