Access to seed is crucial for farming, though few studies investigate household-level access in the informal ‘farmer seed systems’ which still supply most seed in poor countries. This paper uses empirical data of seed exchange practices for sorghum in eastern Ethiopia to analyze how social relationships influence access to off-farm seed for a major crop. Seed shortfalls are common, and farmer–f...

To increase profitability, farmers often decide to form strategic partnerships with other farmers, pooling their resources and outputs for greater efficiency and scale. These coordination decisions can have far-reaching and complex implications for overall food supply chain structural emergence, which in turn impacts system outcomes and long-term sustainability. In this paper, we describe an ag...

Indonesia is the third largest cocoa-producing country in the world. Knowledge of genetic diversity and parentage of farmer selections is important for effective selection and rational deployment of superior cacao clones in farmers' fields. We assessed genetic diversity and parentage of 53 farmer selections of cacao in Sulawesi, Indonesia, using 152 international clones as references. Cluster a...

This paper highlights the folk perception of impoliteness among Ghanaians in view of Watts’ (2003) notion of first order impoliteness. The study showed that impoliteness is not just an opposite of politeness, but the manifestation of non-cooperation, disapproval, and mutual antipathy through certain communicative behaviours that signal disrespect. These communicative behaviours include ‘interru...

At a 50-acre farm in the California Central Coast1 region, I spoke with Alejandra, who personifies the ideal outcome of the beginning farmer movement. Coming to the United States in the mid-1980s, she described herself as the latest of “three generations of migrant farmworkers” from the Mexican state of Guerrero, following in the footsteps of her father and grandfather, who emigrated for contra...

Introduction: Due to its simplicity, fast response and high reliability, ion chamber detectors are one of the most suitable dosimetry instruments for X and gamma rays. The dosimeter    of photon beams, which used in radiotherapy centers, requires high accuracy and should pass requirements of IEC 60731 standards. About 80 percent of the IEC 60731 standard tests such as stabil...

potential growth of dairy sector is highest and more reliable compared to crop sector, indicating that dairy sector can play vital role to increase income among farmers in rural areas than crop sector in sri lanka. credit and farmer training in management ability have been major concerns of dairy development efforts. therefore, this study wasconductedto assess the impact of credit and farmer tr...