HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy often demonstrate abnormalities in glucose regulation, in association with changes in fat distribution. In the majority of cases, these abnormalities are best characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, rather than overt diabetes mellitus and fasting hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance may result from dir...

BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP4) is an enzyme responsible for glucagon-like peptide-1 inactivation and plays an important role in glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate DPP4 levels in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) and correlate it with body fat distribution. METHODS Fourteen patients with FPLD2 were selected to participate i...

We present measurements of the optical properties of six different fat emulsions from three different brands, Clinoleic, Lipovenoes and Intralipid, with fat concentrations from 10% to 30%. The scattering coefficient, the reduced scattering coefficient, and the phase function of each sample are measured for wavelengths between 350 nm and 900 nm. A method for the calculation of the particle size ...

Numerous techniques are available to estimate body composition and fat distribution, and the method to use will depend on the aim of the study, economic resources, availability, time, and sample size. 6–8 Multi-compartment models, such as underwater weighing, dilution techniques and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are all reliable methods to obtain accurate measures of total body fat. Ho...

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is associated with visceral adiposity, and interventions that reduce this depot, e.g., diet and exercise, improve insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) also improve insulin action but paradoxically increase total fat mass, perhaps through remodeling (recruitment of smaller fat cells) and redistribution of adipose tissue. We assessed the effects of pioglitazo...

The Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM), initiated in 2000, investigates the prevalence and correlates of changes in fat distribution, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men and women compared with a population-based group of control men and women. Between June 2000 and September 2002, 1,480 participants (1...

BACKGROUND Dietary thylakoids derived from spinach have beneficial effects on body fat accumulation and blood lipids as demonstrated in humans and rodents. Important mechanisms established include delayed fat digestion in the intestine, without causing steatorrhea, and increased fatty acid oxidation in intestinal cells. The objective of our study was to elucidate if increased fecal fat excretio...

BACKGROUND The relation of body fat distribution to left ventricular (LV) structure and function is poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 2710 participants without heart failure or LV dysfunction in the Dallas Heart Study underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and MRI assessment of fat distribution, LV morphology, and hemodynamics. Cross-sectional associations of fat distribution...

Introduction: Although body fat and body fat distribution are known to be related to CVD, it is unknown whether specific 30-year developmental patterns of body fat are associated with CVD. This study examines the existence of distinct developmental patterns of total fat measured by the sum of 4 skinfolds (S4SF) and body fat distribution measured by skinfolds ratio (SFratio) and relates these pa...

FULL TEXT FIGS REFS PDF CITED BY Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Their Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome Bernardo Léo Wajchenberg First Published Online: July 01, 2013 Methods for assessment, e.g., anthropometric indicators and imaging techniques, of several phenotypes of human obesity, with special reference to abdominal fat content, have been evaluated. The correlation of fat distr...