Abstract The in situ stress state within fault zones is technically challenging to characterize. At the Bedretto Underground Laboratory Swiss Alps, breakouts observed an array of eight inclined boreholes penetrating a zone offer unique opportunity characterize fault‐associated spatial variations. Synthesizing multiple geophysical logs, natural geologic structures intersecting these are identifi...

A physically based fault conceptual model is presented for modeling multiphase flow and transport processes in fractured rock of fault zones. In particular, we discuss a general mathematical framework model for dealing with fracture-matrix interactions, which is applicable to both continuum and discrete fracture conceptualization in fault zones. In this conceptual model, faults or fault zones o...

BACKGROUND Bone fractures are common in alcoholics. AIMS To analyse which factors (ethanol consumption; liver function impairment; bone densitometry; hormone changes; nutritional status, and disrupted social links and altered eating habits) are related to bone fractures in 90 alcoholic men admitted to our hospitalization unit because of organic problems. METHODS Bone homoeostasis-related ho...

historical earthquakes play a notable role in engineering seismology. the historical kashan-sialk region, 3 km south of kashan, was surveyed in the viewpoint of historical earthquakes events. several devastating historical earthquakes, occurred in the bc time, identified based on archaeological studies and evidences gathered from field study. in this respect a variety of information, namely tim...

Osteoporosis is a characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, with a consequent increase in bone fragility [1]. Bone strength impairment leads to an increased risk of fracture, as strenght reflects the integration of bone quantity (bone mineral density, BMD) and bone quality [2]. Common sites of osteoporotic fractures are spine, hip, distal forearm and proximal homerus....

Cap rocks are dams which can prevent the upward movement of hydrocarbons. They have disparities and weaknesses including discontinuities, crushed areas, and faults. Gas injection is an effective mechanism for oil recovery and pore pressure. With increasing pore pressure, normal stress is reduced, and the integrity of impermeable boundaries (cap rock, fault, etc.) becomes instable. A successful ...

Pulverisation of rocks occurs through dynamic processes associated with earthquake ruptures. At the well-known pulverised rock outcrops along San Andreas Fault (SAF), intensity pulverisation was shown to be highly heterogeneous on outcrop (m–10s m) scale, although detailed documentation this heterogeneity is still lacking. Here we derive a standardized classification method for applicable field...

[1] Shaking-induced changes in permeability have been invoked to explain a wide range of hydrologic responses to earthquakes. We measure the evolution of permeability in fractured sandstone in response to repeated shaking under undrained conditions. The frequency and amplitude of the imposed shaking are similar to those from earthquakes at distances of a fault length from the ruptured fault. To...