In this paper, we show how artificial evolution can be used to improve the fault-tolerance of electronic circuits. We show that evolution is able to improve the fault tolerance of a digital circuit, given a known fault model. Evolution is also able to create sets of different circuits that, when combined into an ensemble of circuits, have reduced correlation in their fault pattern, and therefor...

An increasing number of applications are demanding real-time performance from their multiprocessor systems. For many of these applications, a failure may produce disastrous results. Such failures are avoided in hard real-time systems by the use of fault-tolerance. In hard real-time multiprocessor scheduling, this fault tolerance may be provided by including several task backups in each schedule...

The Object Management Architecture (OMA) has been recognized as a de facto standard in the development of object services in distributed computing environment. In a distributed system, the provision for failure-recovery is always a vital design issue. However, the fault-tolerant service has not been extensively considered in the current OMA framework, despite the fact that a increasing number o...

The popular Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style for constructing web applications offers simplicity and scalability advantages. However, to improve the survivability of a RESTful application, programmers commonly find themselves writing vast amounts of non-trivial, ad-hoc fault-tolerance code. Network volatility, HTTP server errors, service outages—all require custom faul...

An important aspect which is often overlooked in software design of distributed environments is that of fault tolerance. Many methodologies in the past have attempted to provide fault tolerance efficiently, but have never been successful at eliminating explicit time and space redundancy. One approach is the Application-Oriented Fault Tolerance Paradigm, which provides fault tolerance by examini...

In this paper, we focus our attention on the problem of automating the addition of failsafe fault-tolerance where fault-tolerance is added to an existing (fault-intolerant) program. A failsafe faulttolerant program satisfies its specification (including safety and liveness) in the absence of faults. And, in the presence of faults, it satisfies its safety specification. We present a somewhat une...

A general design technique for achieving single faulttolerant asynchronous sequential circuits is described. The design procedures apply over a large range of fault conditions and are extremely easy to use. Generally, less than three times the logic required for a single copy is needed to achieve single fault tolerance. In addition to fault tolerance, real time fault detection is easily achieve...

We present sound and (deterministically) complete algorithms for stepwise design of two families ofmultitolerant programs in a high atomicity program model, where a program can read and write all itsvariables in an atomic step. We illustrate that if one needs to add failsafe (respectively, nonmasking)fault-tolerance to one class of faults and masking fault-tolerance to another c...

Distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems often require support for multiple simultaneous quality of service (QoS) properties, such as real-timeliness and fault tolerance, that operate within resource constrained environments. These resource constraints motivate the need for a lightweight middleware infrastructure, while the need for simultaneous QoS properties require the middleware to ...

This paper presents a framework for a logical characterization of fault tolerance and its formal analysis based on partial model checking techniques. The framework requires a fault tolerant system to be modeled using a formal calculus, here the CCS process algebra. To this aim we propose a uniform modeling scheme in which to specify a formal model of the system, its failing behaviour and possib...