Proper coupling of the rf power to the plasma in an electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is probably the most important factor in achieving satisfactory performance of overdense plasmas in high-current ECR sources. Poor coupler design can lead to a variety of undesirable effects such as high reflected power, low plasma density, unstable operation, and poor performance. Scientific Solut...

an experiment was conducted to determine the dietary digestible lysine requirement of male and female broiler chickens (arian) during the period from 6 to 21 days post-hatching. an amino acid-fortified basal diet containing corn and soybean meal as intact protein sources provided 20 % cp, and 3200 kcal amen / kg. in this experiment 150 male and 150 female chicks were allocated on the basis of b...

Two experiments were conducted to assess the bioavailability of P in five sources of defluorinated phosphate (DFP) that differed in P solubility in neutral ammonium citrate (NAC). In Exp. 1, 384 2-d-old male chicks were fed a corn-cornstarch-dextrose-soybean meal basal diet (1.22% lysine, 1.00% Ca, .45% P) or the basal with .05 or .10% P from monosodium phosphate (MSP), or .10% P from DFP with ...

Rapid field evaluation of RO feed filtration requirements, selection of effective antiscalant type and dose, and estimation of suitable scale-free RO recovery level were demonstrated using a novel approach based on direct observation of mineral scaling and flux decline measurements, utilizing an automated Membrane Monitor (MeMo). The MeMo, operated in a stand-alone single-pass desalting mode, e...

The review presents results of recent life cycle assessment studies aiming to quantify and improve the environmental performance of UK poultry production systems, including broiler meat, egg and turkey meat production. Although poultry production has been found to be relatively environmentally friendly compared with the production of other livestock commodities, it still contributes to environm...

Aflatoxins are highly toxic compounds that are produced as secondary metabolites by some Aspergillus and Emericella species. Despite huge progress on aflatoxin research during the past 50 years, we have witnessed many cases of food contamination with aflatoxins all over the world. Aflatoxins have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects and they are capable of inducing hepatocellular carcinoma in hum...

the effect of barley or triticale and monensin on fattening performance of brown swiss calves (with average body weight of 170±30 kg) were studied in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement of 2×2 and 4 replicates. experimental treatments were: 1- barley grain without monensin 2- barley grain with monensin 3- triticale grain without monensin and 4- triticale grain with monensi...

Enteric disorders predispose poultry to malnutrition. The objectives of this paper were 1) to simulate the inanition of poult enteritis mortality syndrome by restricting feed intake and 2) to develop a drinking water supplement that supports the immune functions of poults with inanition. Poults were restricted to 14 g of feed/d for 7 d beginning at 14 d of age then fed ad libitum until 36 d (re...

Synchronization of rumen available protein and energy is one of the conceptual methods to increase the efficiency of utilization of nutrients by the ruminants The concept of synchronization energy and protein was first by Jhonson, Implying that maximum microbial protein synthesis could be achieved by matching the rate of Organic Matter and protein degradation. Synchronization of rumen available...