Feed is single most expensive input in commercial pork production representing more than 50% of the total cost of production. The greatest proportion of this cost is associated with the energy component, thus making energy the most important dietary in terms of cost. For efficient pork production, it is imperative that diets are formulated to accurately match dietary energy supply to requiremen...

The metabolizable protein (MP) feeding standard for lactating cows represents a balance between animal requirements for metabolizable amino acids (MAAs) and their fulfillment by diets composed of a wide variety of feedstuffs. One additional measurement for feedstuffs, the .urea-fermentation-potential (UFP), is utilized when urea is a part of the diet. Although the MP standard is an amiho kei'd ...

A new apparatus, named Bang-Bang (BB), which can facilitate the in situ nylon bag measurement of ruminal degradation in beef cattle, is described. The BB is an apparatus specially designed as a replacement of the traditional steel chain or flexible plastic tubes for binding the bags used in the in situ nylon bag (ISNB) method. The BB apparatus consists of cylindrical pedestals, sealing clips, n...

Introduction: Requirements for dietary amino acids (AA) in broilers may be affected by a variety of nutritional, environmental, genetic, or management factors. In order to address these variations in diet formulation, ideal ratios of indispensible AA to digestible (d) Lys, which remain relatively unaffected by these factors, may be used instead [1]. Nutritionists have successfully applied the i...