BACKGROUND Participation and performance trends in age group athletes have been investigated in endurance and ultraendurance races in swimming, cycling, running, and triathlon, but not in long-distance inline skating. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in participation, age, and performance in the longest inline race in Europe, the Inline One-Eleven over 111 km, held between 1998 a...

the general purpose of this article is to identify the influencing factors on rural women participation inagricultural extension programs in mazandaran province. therefore, using multi-stage sampling, 300 ruralwomen were selected randomly. the research instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire. results showthat rural women participation in agricultural extension programs is at average leve...

Public participation in science and gamification of science are two strong contemporary trends, especially in the area of emerging techno-sciences. Involvement of the public in research-related activities is an integral part of public engagement with science and technologies, which can be successfully achieved through a participatory game design. Focusing on the participatory dimension of educa...

We evaluate the effect of a 2003 reform in the Spanish income tax on fertility and the employment of mothers with small children. The reform introduced a tax credit for working mothers with children under the age of three, while also increasing child deductions for all households with children. Theoretically, given the interplay of these two components, the expected effect of the reform is ambi...

This paper studies the transition of female immigrants from the former Soviet Union to the Israeli labor market and their participation in government-sponsored training programs. To study the determinants of the duration to training we estimate a Cox proportional hazard model. We Þnd that higher education leads to a signiÞcantly shorter duration to training, whereas immigrants who were older at...

We conducted a survey of 1,184 women 35 years of age or older who were employees of a company in Los Angeles County, California, to determine why some women participated in a worksite mammography screening program whereas others did not. Of the 111 who accepted a mammogram, 90 responded to the survey; of the 1,073 who declined mammography, 620 responded. The women were predominantly white, were...

2nd only to Ireland in total fertility, Sweden has the highest total fertility (TFR) and female labor force participation rates (FLFPR) among European countries in the late 1980s and early 1990s. 1988 TFR and FLFPR were 1.96 and 80.1%, respectively. This paper considers the role of public policy in creating this unique trend, with particular focus on family leave policy. In 1974, Sweden beca...

This paper uncovers a counter-intuitive effect of international trade on female labor shares: whenever trade expands sectors intensive in female labor, female labor shares drop. When capital complements female labor more than male labor, the following mechanism operates: Expansions of sectors intensive in female labor come along with contractions of sectors intensive in male labor. Thus, male l...